Identify the sources of the precedent texts in the following text fragments


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Akramjonova Nazokatxon 130- group (1)

Example:

The usage of phraseological unit “Achilles’ heel” in text activates mythological knowledge structures. “Achilles’ heel” means a seemingly small but actually crucial weakness; a place of especial vulnerability, especially in a person’s character (from the mythological legend about Greek hero Achilles, who was killed by arrow pointed at his heel, the only vulnerable place in his body). Being used in the text, it characterizes the personage and indicates his weak sides.




  1. I could no longer concentrate upon those brilliant lucid little civilizations, although in the strong light the coloured pebbles and the miniature seaweed trees looked like jewels by Faberge (Murdoch,The Sea, The Sea)

This precedent text expresses historical allusion with the name of famous jewelry brand “Faberge”. The hero of the text is very fascinated with the view and here he used metaphor as he thought that seaweed tees looked like jewels. “Faberge” is popular all around the world and it was formed in XIX century in the Russian Empire, since then the produce jewelry products. The author used this allusion to show how beautiful was the spectacle.


  1. Later, Dana said reluctantly, «I'm afraid it's time for Cinderella to turn into a pumpkin, darling (Sheldon, The Sky is Falling)

The literary allusion in the text expresses the name of the hero of the fairy tale Cinderella. When Cinderella’s cart turns into the pumpkin she her magic night was over. Here it was time for the heroin to come up to the real life so that author used this ullusion.


  1. Well!” said Miss Pole, “well, Miss Matty! men will be men. Every mother’s son of them wishes to be considered Samson and Solomon rolled into one – too strong ever to be beaten or discomfited – too wise ever to be outwitted (Gaskell. Cranford).

Here religious allusion is represented with the names Samson and Solomon. The main hero as a mother wishes her son to become as like Samson and Solomon. In order to understand her intensions the reader shuld be aware of the information about them. Samson is a hero that is written in Bible who got power from God and Solomon was the last king of Israel who was really strong.



  1. He felt very large in the room. Gulliverian, both powerful and clumsy (Murdoch, An Unofficial Rose).

Here the literary allusion is represented with the name of the main hero of Jonatan Swifts satire “Gulliver’s travels”. The word Gulliverian means too big person. If the reader knows about this book he can easily understand what does it mean. Gulliver travels to the country of Lilliput and there everything was too small while he seemed too huge.

  1. The professor was a big jovial man of Falstaffian appearance (Eccles, A Species of Revenge).

The text includes the literary allusion that is represented with attributive “Falstaffian”. This word related to Shakespeare’s character Sir John Falstaff in being fat, jolly and debauched. The author expressed his hero’s appearance with one word and if reader knows it he can easily imagine his appearance.


  1. It might not be the head of a goddess - indeed a screw of curl-paper on each side the temples quite forbade that supposition - but neither was it the head of a Gorgon; yet Malone seemed to take it in the latter light (Bronte, Shirley).

The mythological allusion is represented in the first line with the phraseological unit “The head of the goddess”. The head of a goddess is an ancient Greek sculpture created with marble. The next mythological allusion is “The head of a Gorgon”. It represents Greek mythological character Medusa Gorgon and her snaky head. Here the hero found a head and wants to know what kind of head is it.

  1. Mrs. Todd rocked gently for a time, and seemed to be lost, though not poorly, like Macbeth in her thoughts. (Jewett, A Dunnet Shepherdess)

The literary allusion is represented with the proper name Macbeth. Macbeth is a heroin of Shakespeare’s tragedy “Macbeth”, she was queen of Scotland. Text represents simile by assimilating main hero’s position with Macbeth’s.


  1. She had the withdrawn feline look of a woman who is conscious of power and seeing herself as Cleopatra (Murdoch, Under the Net).

Here the historical allusion is represented with the name of the Egyptian Queen Cleopatra. As it is known from the history she was one of the powerful and clever woman. The author wanted to show her appearance and behavior by this allusion.


  1. Lloyd grinned happily. He was dazzled by his new fame. He imagined that Tom Cruise must feel something like this at a world premiere (King, The Stand).

This allusion is taken from actor’s name who is famous all over the world. The hero was so fascinated with his achievement and imagined himself as one of the world famous person.

  1. Membury comes too, a grinning, loping Caesar dwarfing his Antony, hauling on his ear, dreaming of fish and smiling at the wrong people (Le Carre, A Perfect Spy).

Here historical allusion is used with the proper name Caesar and Antony. They were rivals and fought to be owner of the Rome Empire and Caesar won the war. The author used this historical allusion to express the conflict and the situation that was going on.

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