Write how you would explain these words.
Individuals … that humans prefer are more likely to produce offspring and pass on their genes.
When people with horses clashed with those without, horses provided a huge advantage.
Yet they can also be agile and quick – fit to carry out difficult tasks at top speed.
Suggested answers
Paragraph 3 is about breeding and reproduction. The word offspring means the young of an animal.
Paragraph 4 is about fighting and military tactics. The verb clash is another word for fight.
The word agile is another word for quick, but also has the idea of moving lightly.
When you come across unfamiliar word, look it up in the Dictionary.
Overview
In multiple choice questions, candidates choose the correct answer to a question on the text from four given options. This requires scanning to find the correct place in the text and then intensive reading to analyse the exact meaning.
Look at an example of the type of question that appears in the Reading test, which is based on the text about horses.
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
33 Prehistoric evidence has been found that shows that
A people have existed in the Americas much longer than horses.
B horses in the Americas prefer to eat short grasses and shrubs.
C as the ice caps melted, the wild horse became extinct in the Americas.
D domestic horses have similar DNA to horses 10,000 years ago.
Horses have been racing across the landscape for around 55 million years – much longer than our own species has existed. However, prehistoric remains show that at the end of the Ice Age, some 10,000 years ago, wild horses died out in the Americas and dwindled in western Europe, for reasons that are not clear. But they continued to thrive on the steppes of eastern Europe and Central Asia, where short grasses and shrubs grow on vast, dry stretches of land. Most scholars believe it was here that people domesticated the horse. However, the DNA of domestic horses is very diverse. This suggests they may be descended from a number of different wild horse populations, in several locations.
Answer
The answer is C. The answer can be found in the following part of the text:
… prehistoric remains show that at the end of the Ice Age, some 10,000 years ago, wild horses died out in the Americas…
Short answer questions: Approaching the task
Overview
In this task type, candidates answer questions by using words from the text. Predicting the kind of answers required is a particularly useful skill when answering short answer questions and candidates can use the question words to help them do this. For instance, the answer to a question beginning ‘Where …’ will be a location, the answer to a question beginning ‘Who/Whose …’ will be a person, the answer to a question beginning ‘What …’ will be a thing, and so on.
Task
Look at the following two questions which are similar to those that appear in the Reading test. They are based on a text about a competition. Before you read the text, decide whether the answer will be a place, person, thing etc. Then highlight the correct answers in the text.
Answer the questions below using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
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