Impact of small business and entrepreneurship on the country's export potential and efficiency Faculty of economics of Fergana State Univesity Nishonboyev Doniyor Erkinjon o’g’li Abstract

Impact of small business and entrepreneurship on the country's export potential and efficiency
Faculty of economics of Fergana State Univesity
Nishonboyev Doniyor Erkinjon o’g’li
Abstract: As economic mechanisms for the development of small business and entrepreneurship on the basis of existing organizational and legal forms, the following tasks such as managing organizational and economic, stimulating processes, conducting information and promotion and continuous monitoring of entrepreneurial activity ensure the rapid development of this sphere as an economic mechanism of a favorable environment for family entrepreneurial activity.


Аннотация: На основе существующих организационно-правовых форм, как управление организационно-экономическими, стимулирующими процессами, информационно-пропагандистские и непрерывный мониторинг предпринимательской деятельности как экономические механизмы развития малого бизнеса и предпринимательства на основе существующих организационно-правовых форм, обеспечивают динамичное развитие данной сферы как экономического механизма благоприятной среды для семейной предпринимательской деятельности.
Key words and phrases: small business, entrepreneurship, economic mechanism, export, import, product, foreign market.
Ключевые слова и фразы: малый бизнес, предпринимательство, экономический механизм, экспорт, импорт, продукция, внешний рынок.

Due to the effective foreign economic policy carried out in our country and the attention paid to small business and entrepreneurial activities, foreign economic relations are regularly developing. International trade relations have been established with many countries around the world. Our country has been a member of a number of trade organizations. In the following years, as a result of the development of entrepreneurship and their introduction into foreign economic activities, the export and import practices of our country are increasing. 3 crore with the Russian Federation alone.export operations equal to the dollar and 6.2 billion.import actions equal to the dollar were performed. Below are the data on the top 10 countries in the foreign economic turnover of our country.

The top 10 countries with the highest share in Uzbek exports in 2022:
Russia-3 billion.doll;
China-2.5 billion.doll;;
Turkey-1.5 billion.doll;
Kazakhstan-1.38 crore.doll;
Kyrgyzstan-980 crore.doll;
Afghanistan-750 crore.doll;
Tajikistan-520 crore.doll;
Turkmenistan-195 billion.doll;
Iran-140 crore.doll;
Poland-132 million.dollar.
The top 10 countries with the highest share in Uzbekistan imports in 2022:
China-6.4 billion.doll;
Russia-6.2 billion.doll;
Kazakhstan-3.2 billion. doll;
South Korea-2.3 crore. doll;
Turkey-1.7 billion. doll;
Germany - $ 1 billion doll.;
Turkmenistan - $ 731 million doll.;
Khindistan-655 million. doll;
Brazil-553 million.; doll
Republic of Belarus - $ 409 million.
Data from the beginning of 2023 indicate that Russia and China's share in the foreign trade turnover of Uzbekistan reached 36.4 percent.This figure was 35.6% in early 2022 and 33.2% in early 2021. Foreign trade relations between these two countries with Uzbekistan are regularly increasing. During 2022, foreign trade turnover of Russia and China with Uzbekistan amounted to 18.2 billion.increased from dollars.
During 2022, the foreign trade turnover of our country increased by more than $ 50 billion. In its composition, export khajmi – 19,3 mill.doll.ni and import – 30,7 mlrd.doll.ni organized. In 2022, compared to 2021, the export of our country achieved an increase of 15.9%, and import hajmi-20.4%. Negative sales in foreign trade amounted to Rs 11.4 crore. the dollar was.
In the foreign trade of our country, the dependence on Russia and China has increased even more. The exchange of goods with Russia amounted to more than 9.3 billion dollars. In 2022, the share of Russia in the foreign trade turnover of our country was 18.6%, the share of the people's Republic of China was 17.8%, Kazakhstan's share was 9.2%, Turkey's share was 6.4%, South Korea's share was 4.7%, Kyrgyzstan's share was 2.5%, and Germany's share was 2.3%.
Of the 20 main countries in which our country is engaged in foreign economic activity, only 3 countries have a positive balance of foreign trade with Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. With the rest of the countries, we have a negative saldo in foreign trade, which means that the yield of imports is higher than the yield of exports.
In 2022, the share of gold in the foreign trade of our country was also high. 4.1 crore this year.doll.lik gold was exported. The same amount of gold was exported in 2021, and 5.8 billion in 2020.doll.lik gold was exported. The share of gold in the total export structure was 24.7% in 2021, compared to 21.3% in 2022. During 2022, electroenergy exports decreased, while oil and gas exports increased slightly. According to official statistics, in 2022, 911 million dollars were received.doll. gas was exported, which is 25.9% more than in 2021. 168.1 million during 2022. dollar oil products were exported. In 2022, electroenergy exports fell by 30.2% compared to 2021. 356 million in our country during 2022.dollar-equivalent cars were exported or allowed to fall by 6.9% compared to 2021. During the Year, 1 million 744 thousand tons or 1.14 billion.doll.lik fruits and vegetables were exported. Exports of fruits and vegetables reached an increase of 18.5% in 2022 compared to 2021.
In activities to increase the export potential of small businesses and entrepreneurship, it is advisable to establish many alternative options for the entry of enterprises and organizations engaged in this activity into the foreign market and to introduce the practice of selecting the most effective from within them.
Currently, passive participation of small and medium-sized business entities is observed in the implementation of export operations in most countries of the world. It can be observed that the objects of small business and entrepreneurial activity in many countries are not actively involved in this activity. There are also several reasons for their slowness in foreign economic activity. Among them, the following can be included:
- low competitiveness of products of small business and business entities in the foreign market, inability to withstand competition;
- inefficiency of marketing carried out in small business and business entities;
- lack of information on the needs of the foreign market;
- lack of financial resources for the organization of exports;
- labor of small businesses and business entities low level of armament of their SURS with modern knowledge;
- the complex process of organizing exports.
To reduce the impact of these factors, it is necessary to create appropriate mechanisms for the practice of foreign trade in small businesses and entrepreneurial activities. To increase the economic power of small businesses and entrepreneurial enterprises and, accordingly, to increase the likelihood of entering the foreign market, the organization of foreign trade by combining their resources, establishing the joint activities of several business entities can have great effect. At the same time, the further development of measures to promote participation in foreign trade will help stimulate the participation of entrepreneurial enterprises in foreign trade. The creation of specialized intermediary export structures in various sectors of the economy can also be of great effect in order to establish cooperation of small businesses and business entities with similar organizations abroad, to organize their entry into the international market with their products. It is possible to achieve the expansion of their foreign economic relations through the promotion of export activities of small businesses and entrepreneurship and through the development of marketing activities.
Directions and factors of promotion of export activities of small businesses and entrepreneurship include:

1. 
   Directing Marketing activities to the development of foreign trade.
   
2. 
   Efficient use of capital resources.
   
3. 
   Taking into account external muxit factors.
   
4. 
   Organization of business processes.
   
5. 
   Adaptation of manufactured products to the external market.
   

There are three areas in the development of Marketing activities in the direction of expanding foreign economic relations, which are:

1. 
   Advertising the product and ensuring the movement towards the market.
   
2. 
   To carry out regular analysis and evaluation of foreign markets.
   
3. 
   Establishing foreign economic relations of organizations.
   

Directing the processes of use of capital resources to the development of foreign trade is also of great importance in the development of foreign economic relations. In this direction, it is possible to promote the entry of small business and entrepreneurial activity institutions into international economic relations by launching a system of long-term loans, offering low-interest loans to the means of payment, ensuring the breadth of use of capital resources. With this, small business owners can be interested in exporting their products.
There are also three factors that increase the role of external opposition factors affecting small businesses and entrepreneurial enterprises in the development of foreign trade. The participation of small business and entrepreneurial activities in foreign trade is greatly influenced by external influence, and taking them into account regularly, noticing any changes in advance, applying influencing measures against them are among the main factors leading to an increase in the share of small businesses in foreign trade.
Business processes consist of 3 areas, which are:
1. Gather qualified personnel for effective foreign trade.
2. Application of modern technologies that can establish the production of competitive products.
3. Application of modernized machine tools in the activities of the enterprise.
In conclusion, the issues of increasing the effectiveness of entrepreneurial activity and gaining its share in the country's gross domestic product require further development of the foreign economic activity of entrepreneurs, the acquisition of export potential.
In international economic relations, international trade has a high share. International Trade includes Export-import Operations.
At the current level of development, passive participation of small business and entrepreneurial enterprises in the implementation of export operations in many countries is observed. It can be observed that small business and entrepreneurial enterprises in many countries are not actively involved in this activity. There are several reasons for their slowness in foreign economic activity.