In accordance with a decision of the ninth congress of the r
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Commissariats. But differences with the Bolsheviks on basic issues of the theory and practice of socialist construction soon made themselves felt. In January and February 1918, the Central Committee of the Left Socialist-Revolutionary Party began a campaign against the conclusion of the Brest Peace Treaty with Germany. When the treaty had been signed and ratified by the Fourth Congress of Soviets in March 1918, the Left Socialist- Revolutionaries with- drew from the Council of People’s Commissars. In July 1918 the Central Committee of the Left Socialist- Revolutionaries organised the provocative assassination of Mirbach, the German Ambassador in Moscow, and launched an armed revolt against Soviet power. Having lost all support among the masses, the Left Socialist- Re- volutionary Party finally took the path of armed struggle against Soviet rule. p. 68
The Sovnarkom (Council of People’s Commissars) of the Petrograd Labour Commune was set up by a decision of the Petrograd Soviet of Workers’ and Soldiers’ Deputies on March 11, 1918, owing to the Soviet Government being transferred from Petrograd to Moscow.
At the end of April 1918, the Congress of Soviets of the North- ern Region established, for military and economic purposes, a Union of Communes of the Northern Region, which included also Petrograd Gubernia. On February 24, 1919, by a decision of the Third Congress of Soviets of the Northern Region, the Union of Communes of the Northern Region and the Sovnarkom which headed it, were abolished. p. 72
This refers to the evacuation of industrial enterprises from Petro- grad. The question was raised in connection with the advance of the German troops on Petrograd. p. 72
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37 38 39 40 41 42 The city Customs House was on Gutuyev Island in Petrograd. During April-June 1918, 1,180 truck- loads of various goods were evacuated from the Gutuyev Customs House. p. 72
This refers to a resolution passed by the Central Executive Com- mittee of Siberian Soviets in connection with the landing of Japa- nese troops in Vladivostok on the morning of April 5, 1918. It protested against the illegitimate actions of the Japanese Gov- ernment; a state of war was declared in Siberia and all local Soviets were instructed to immediately step up the organisation of the Red Army.
Soviets; was elected by the First Congress of Siberian Soviets, held in Irkutsk from October 16 (29) to October 24 (November 6), 1917. After the temporary downfall of Soviet power in Siberia (in the summer of 1918) Centrosibir ceased its activity. p. 75
This refers to the Soviet Government’s talks with representatives of the U.S.A., Britain and France in connection with the landing of Japanese troops in Vladivostok; the talks took place on the evening of April 5, 1918. The Soviet Government’s communique on the landing of Japa- nese troops in Vladivostok, written on April 5 and published in Pravda and Izvestia on April 6, 1918, pointed out that resistance to the Japanese invasion and a relentless struggle against their agents and accomplices within the country was a matter of life and death for the Soviet Republic, for the working people of the whole of Russia. On April 7, 1918, Lenin sent a telegram with directives to the Vladivostok Soviet, warning that the interven- tionists were sure to advance and demanding that the Com- munists of the Far East without delay should start preparing to fight the foreign intervention (see present edition, Vol. 27, p. 226). p. 75 N. N. Yakovlev, Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of Siberian Soviets, informed Lenin of the measures taken to organ- ise resistance to the Japanese interventionists in connection with the landing of their troops in Vladivostok. p. 75
Lenin wrote this message on the instructions which engineer N. I. Dyrenkov, business manager of the Rybinsk Economic Council, received from the Supreme Economic Council. Dyrenkov came to Moscow to report to the Supreme Eco- nomic Council on the work of the Rybinsk Economic Council. This report on the economic situation in Rybinsk was made at a sitting of the Board of the Supreme Economic Council on April 15, 1918; on a proposal by Lenin, it was decided to grant an immediate loan to Rybinsk. Lenin had a talk with Dyrenkov on the eco- nomic situation of the Soviet Republic, the state of industry in Rybinsk and the measures taken by the Rybinsk Economic Council. p. 77
This refers to the draft Decree on the Registration of Shares, 475 NOTES
` 43 44 45 Bonds and Other Interest-bearing Securities. The first two drafts were prepared by the Supreme Economic Council. After exam- ining them, Lenin crossed out the first draft, edited the second, and sent it to Bogolepov and Gukovsky at the People’s Commis- sariat for Finance. The draft, after being revised in the People’s Commissariat for Finance, was re- edited by Lenin, given a head- ing and, on April 17, 1918, submitted for consideration to the Council of People’s Commissars. The following decision on the draft was adopted: “To be referred to the People’s Commissariats for Foreign Affairs and Justice for their consideration with the assistance of experts, and the conclusion to be presented to the next sitting of the Council of People’s Commissars on April 18.” On April 18, the decree was endorsed by the Council of People’s Commissars, and on April 20 it was published in Izvestia No. 78. p. 78
I. Y. Yakovlev established the first Chuvash school in the city of Simbirsk (now Ulyanovsk), the birthplace of Lenin. He compiled the first Chuvash alphabet and primer, and did a great deal to- wards educating the Chuvash people. In reply to his inquiry Lenin received a telegram on May 4, 1918, saying that Yakovlev continued as chairman of the courses and seminary for women. p. 79
Lenin’s letter was due to the following circumstance. On Janu- ary 4 (17), 1918, the Council of People’s Commissars adopted a decree on the reorganisation of the Red Cross on the basis of the abolished Chief Board of the Red Cross that had existed under the tsarist government, making over its property and funds to the state. The work of reorganising the Red Cross was entrusted (§ 3 of Section 1 of the decree) to a committee of representatives of Soviet, military and public organisations. The committee was instructed to submit to the Council of People’s Commissars through the Council of Medical Collegiums a plan for reorganising the Red Cross institutions. However, the committee failed to fulfil the tasks entrusted to it, and this was brought to the notice of Lenin by V. M. Bonch-Bruyevich, a member of the Red Cross committee. p. 79 This refers to preparations for a monetary reform in order to es- tablish a stable Soviet currency and overcome the inflation caused by the war and the economic policy of the tsarist government and the bourgeois Provisional Government. Lenin raised the question of the need for a monetary reform in December 1917 in his “Draft Decree on the Nationalisation of the Banks and on Measures Necessary for Its Implementation” (see present edition, under the direct guidance of Lenin. He urged more speed in preparing and issuing new, Soviet currency notes, and went into all details of the proposed designs. (See this volume, documents 125 and 126, and also Lenin Miscellany XXI, p. 180.) Owing to the foreign military intervention and the Civil War, and the transition to the policy of War Communism, the mone- Vol. 26, p. 393). Preparations for the monetary reform were made
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tary reform was not carried out in that period. The first Soviet monetary reform on the basis of Lenin’s principles was effected in 1922-24. p. 81
This letter is a reply to Raymond Robins, a member of the Amer- ican Red Cross Mission. It was written in English. At the head of the letter, Lenin wrote: “Reply 30.IV.1918.” On the eve of his departure from Soviet Russia for the United States, R. Robins wrote to Lenin expressing sincere thanks for the assistance given him in his work for the American Red Cross Mission. A few days later, on May 11, 1918, Lenin wrote a letter ad- dressed “To All Soviets of Workers’ and Soldiers’ Deputies and Other Soviet Organisations”, requesting them “to give every assistance to Colonel Robins and the other members of the Ame- rican Red Cross Mission for their unhindered and speedy journey from Moscow to Vladivostok”. p. 82
Lenin wrote this letter to P. P. Malinovsky, Acting People’s Commissar for the Properties of the Republic, in connection with the implementation of the decree of the Council of People’s Com- missars “On the Monuments of the Republic”, adopted on April 12, 1918, and published on April 14 in Pravda and Izvestia. The decree set the task of removing monuments to the tsars and their servants that were of no historical or artistic value, and of erect- ing revolutionary monuments. A special commission, consisting of the People’s Commissar for Education, the People’s Commissar for the Properties of the Republic and the head of the Fine Arts Department of the People’s Commissariat for Education, was instructed to determine which monuments in Moscow and Petro- grad were to be removed, and advised to enlist the services of artists in designing new, revolutionary monuments. The Council of People’s Commissars proposed that by May 1 the commission should have removed the ugliest monuments and submitted the first models of new monuments, and should also hasten arrange- ments for replacing old inscriptions, emblems and street names by new ones reflecting the ideas and sentiments of revolutionary Russia.
Lenin attached great importance to the implementation of this decree, the progress of which was discussed at the sittings of the Council of People’s Commissars on July 8, 17 and 30, 1918. Lenin repeatedly criticised the heads of the People’s Commissar- iats for Education and for the Properties of the Republic, and the heads of the Moscow Soviet, for the unsatisfactory implemen- tation of the decree (see this volume, Document 109, and present edition, Vol. 35, documents 171 and 176, pp. 360, 368). p. 82 This telegram is in reply to one from Ekaterinburg dated April 30, 1918, from the Regional Board of Nationalised Enterprises, reporting that rumours were current about the denationalisation of the Bogoslovsk mining district. Lenin attached great impor- tance to the speedy exposure of these false rumours which could 477 NOTES
49 50 51 52 mislead the working masses. On the telegram from Ekaterinburg, Lenin wrote the following note: “Received 2/V.1918 at 7 p.m. I demand investigation into the reason for two days’ delay. Lenin.” p. 83
This memorandum was adopted at a meeting of Lenin and Bol- shevik members of the Board of the People’s Commissariat for Agriculture in connection with the demand of Maria Spiridonova and V. A. Karelin, leaders of the Left Socialist-Revolutionaries, that the Left Socialist-Revolutionaries be given complete control of the People’s Commissariat for Agriculture. This demand was put forward because of the appointment of more Bolsheviks (S. P. Sereda, V. N. Meshcheryakov, N. M. Petrovsky and others) to the Commissariat for Agriculture following the resignation of A. L. Kolegayev, as a result of which the position of the Left Socialist-Revolutionaries in the Commissariat was considerably weakened. Lenin wrote also the following draft decision of the meeting: “The preliminary meeting (on the questions raised by Comrades Spiridonova and Karelin) between members of the Board of Agri- culture, Comrades Sereda and Meshcheryakov, and Lenin has reached the conclusion that the questions raised should be exam- ined as serious political questions and therefore should certainly be referred to the C.C., R.C.P. “The meeting considers it essential to refer them to the C.C. urgently and speedily” (Lenin Miscellany XXXVI, p. 42). The situation in the People’s Commissariat for Agriculture was discussed at a sitting of the C.C., R.C.P.(B.) on May 3, 1918. The Central Committee noted that the claims of the Left Social- ist-Revolutionaries were groundless and approved the decision of the meeting. p. 83 This refers to the dismissal of the Central Rada by the German occupationists and the establishment in the Ukraine of an open dictatorship of the bourgeoisie and landowners. On April 29, 1918, at a congress of kulaks and landowners in Kiev convened by the interventionists, General P. P. Skoropadsky, a big Ukrain- ian landowner and former aide-de-camp to the Tsar, was pro- claimed Hetman of the Ukraine. p. 84 On May 6, 1918, German and whiteguard army units broke into Rostov-on-Don and occupied the city. On May 7, it was liberated by Soviet troops, but on May 8 it was re-occupied by German and whiteguard troops. p. 84
Ino—a fort on the border with Finland which, with Kronstadt, guarded the approaches to Petrograd. Under a treaty between the R.S.F.S.R. and the Finnish Socialist Workers’ Republic, Fort Ino was seceded to the R.S.F.S.R. for the defence of the joint interests of the Socialist Republics. After the defeat of the revo- lution in Finland, the Finnish bourgeois government with the support of the German imperialists demanded that Fort Ino be handed over to Finland. Before it was abandoned, the main works 478 NOTES
of the fort were blown up by order of the Commandant of the Kronstadt fortress. In May 1918, Finnish troops occupied Fort Ino. p. 84
An emergency meeting of the Party Central Committee on May 6, 1918, discussed the international situation of the Soviet Republic in connection with the aggravation of relations with Germany, who demanded that Fort Ino be handed over to bourgeois Finland, and also in connection with the British occupation of Murmansk and the preparations by the interventionist troops to advance into the interior of the country. The Central Committee adopted the decision on the international situation proposed by Lenin (see present edition, Vol. 27, pp. 355 and 379-80). p. 84
This note is a reply to A. D. Tsyurupa, who had informed Lenin that the food organisation of the Nikolayevskaya Railway had refused to allow A. I. Svidersky, member of the Board of the People’s Commissariat for Food, to carry out an inspection agreed upon between the Food Commissariat, the Commissariat for Railways, and the Supreme Economic Council. Tsyurupa asked Lenin’s advice as to what steps should be taken in this case. p. 85
Lenin wrote this letter after a talk with the Chairman of the Pur- chasing Commission of the Putilov (now Kirov) Works, a plater in the boiler-shop, A. V. Ivanov, who gave a detailed descrip- tion of the grave state of famine in Petrograd and told of the situation at the works and the mood of the workers. Lenin informed Ivanov of the decree passed at the meeting of the Council of People’s Commissars on May 9, 1918, giving the People’s Commissar for Food emergency powers in the strug- gle against the rural bourgeoisie, who were concealing grain and profiteering. Lenin gave Ivanov a copy of the decree so that he could make it known to the Putilov workers. The meeting between A. V. Ivanov and Lenin is described in the book Vospominaniya o Vladimire Ilyiche Lenine (Reminis- cences of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin), Part 2, 1957, pp. 283-84. p. 86 This refers to a meeting of the Russo-German Commission held in Moscow on May 15, 1918, to discuss the conditions for resuming economic relations between Russia and Germany. The report at the meeting was made by M. G. Bronsky, Deputy People’s Com- missar for Trade and Industry. The main propositions in his report had been vetted by Lenin. p. 86
In a plan for the development of trade and economic relations with the U.S.A. drafted on Lenin’s initiative, the Soviet Govern- ment expressed its readiness to pay for goods purchased in the U.S.A. with agricultural produce and products of the mining industry, and also to offer concessions to the U.S.A. on the same terms as to other countries. The plan, under the heading “Russo-American Trade Rela- tions”, was first published in June 1918 in No. 1 of Vestnik Narod- 53 54
56 57
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58 59 60 nogo Komissariata torgovli i promyshlennosti (Herald of the Peo- ple’s Commissariat for Trade and Industry). In the U.S.A., the plan was published together with Lenin’s letter to Raymond Robins in the book Russian-American Relations. March 1917 - March 19?0, New York, 1920. p. 87
This note to G. V. Chicherin was written following the receipt of a report that troops of the Transcaucasian bourgeois govern- ment, supported by a flotilla of armed merchant vessels, were advancing on Sukhum, creating a threat to the entire Black Sea coast. In the draft of a telegram submitted to Lenin, which was addressed to Sablin, Chief of the Naval Forces of the Black Sea Fleet, the latter was instructed to arm a number of Soviet merchant ships and send them for the defence of Sukhum. On May 20, 1918, the Soviet Government sent a Note to the German Government protesting against the German military authorities conniving at the actions of the armed merchant ships of “the so-called Transcaucasian government, which is recogni- sed by absolutely nobody in Transcaucasia”. p. 88
This refers to a draft decree for reorganising the Food Commis- sariat and the local food bodies. At a meeting of the C.P.C. on May 20, 1918, A. D. Tsyurupa, on Lenin’s instructions, moved that the draft decree be submitted for discussion. The draft was discussed at meetings of the C.P.C. on May 22 and 23, and was adopted with amendments. It was decided to refer the decree to the All- Russia Central Executive Committee, where it was endorsed on May 27. It was published in Izvestia No. 109 on May 31, 1918. Clause 3 of the decree envisaged the establishment under the local food commissariats of special detachments of workers recom- mended by Party and trade union organisations, formed mainly in the consuming districts. These detachments were to be at the disposal of the local food bodies and comply with their directives, and were to be employed in propaganda, organising and instruct- Download 6.35 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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