In accordance with a decision of the ninth congress of the r
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ors’ work. “The most important task of the workers’ detach- ments,” states the decree, “should be to organise the working peasantry against the kulaks” (Dekrety Sovetskoi vlasti [Decrees of the Soviet Government], Vol. 11, 1959, p. 310). p. 89
In the spring of 1918 the German interventionists occupied the Ukraine, invaded the Crimea and approached Sevastopol, where the Black Sea Fleet was concentrated. On April 29-30, to save the fleet from the invaders, the Soviet Government transferred it to Novorossiisk. Ten days after the fleet’s arrival there, the Ger- man Command sent an ultimatum demanding its return to Seva- stopol, threatening otherwise to continue the offensive along the Black Sea coast. On May 11, the Soviet Government sent a “Pro- test to the German Government against the Occupation of the Crimea”, stating the circumstances of the fleet’s transfer and the possible conditions for its return to Sevastopol (see present edi- tion, Vol. 27, pp. 358-59). 480 NOTES
61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 All attempts to reach an agreement with the German Govern- ment on this question were abortive. Having no possibility of saving the fleet and to avoid surrendering it to the German imperialists, Lenin issued an order to the Supreme Military Coun- cil for its immediate destruction (see the next document). A secret instruction of the Council of People’s Commissars ordered the destruction of all the ships of the Black Sea Fleet and merchant steamships in Novorossiisk. On June 18-19, 1918, the order of the government was carried out: most of the ships were sunk off the Novorossiisk coast. p. 91
organ of the Bremen group of Left Social- Democrats, which in 1919 joined the Communist Party of Germany. It was published in Bremen from 1916 to 1919. Der Sozialdemokrat—a daily newspaper, the organ of the Independent Social-Democratic Party of Württemberg. It was published in Stuttgart from 1915. In 1921, it became the organ of the United Communist Party of Württemberg and was pub- lished under the title Kommunist. p. 92
Lenin probably has in mind the letter he sent to S. G. Shahumyan on May 14, 1918 (see present edition, Vol. 35, Document 145). Lenin’s letter of May 24 was delivered to Baku by S. M. Ter- Gabrielyan, one of the leaders of the Baku Commune. p. 93 This document was drawn up in the People’s Commissariat for Food. At the top of the document, separated by a line, is the following inscription: ‘’Telegram of the People’s Commissariat for Food.” p. 93
This refers to a decision of the Council of People’s Commissars on May 8, 1918, to take stock of all available automobiles and lorries and transfer all surplus lorries to the People’s Commissar- iat for Food. p. 97 Lenin sent this telegram to the Vyksa workers in reply to one received from them which stated that they were “absolutely starving”, and were going out by steamboats with their detach- ments and machine-guns in order to obtain grain by force. p. 97
This letter was written in English during a conversation with Albert Rhys Williams, the American journalist, who visited Lenin before leaving for the U.S.A. p. 97
Sokolnikov, Bukharin and Larin went to Berlin as members of the Soviet delegation to negotiate an economic agreement with Germany. p. 98
Evidently this refers to Lenin’s letter of June 2, 1918, to J . A. Ber- zin or G. L. Shklovsky (see Collected Works, Fifth Ed., Vol. 50, Document 165). p. 99
Lenin’s notes to A. D. Tsyurupa were written in connection with the need to explain to the mass of the working people the deci- 481 NOTES
70 71 72 sion on independent procurements adopted by the Council of People’s Commissars on June 1, 1918. The decision pointed out that independent grain procurements, for which the Council of People’s Commissars was being asked by representatives of some organisations and trade unions, could disrupt the whole business of food supply, clear the way for the kulaks and landowners, and ruin the revolution. The decision set the task of organising food detachments, selecting for them the best and most devoted people from among the workers and office personnel “in order to form a general working- class fighting force for establishing order, for assisting with supervision, for collecting all grain surpluses, for complete victory over speculators” (Dekrety Sovetskoi vlasti, Vol. II, pp. 379-81). On this subject see also present edition, Vol. 27, pp. 416-17. p. 100 After the capture of Omsk by Czech and Russian whiteguards on June 7, 1918, a Siberian whiteguard puppet government was set up there with the assistance of the interventionists. It consist- ed in the main of Socialist- Revolutionaries, with Mensheviks and Constitutional-Democrats participating. Behind a screen of democratic phrases it pursued a counter-revolutionary policy, paving the way for the transition to an open military dictatorship of the bourgeoisie and landowners. G. Y. Zinoviev’s inquiry concerned the purchase of grain in Omsk for Petrograd. p. 103
This refers to the decree “On the Monuments of the Republic”, adopted at a sitting of the Council of People’s Commissars on April 12, 1918 (see this volume, Document 75 and Note 47). p. 105
This refers to the capture of Syzran by units of the Czecho- slovak Army Corps. This Corps was formed in Russia before the October Revolu- tion from among Czechs and Slovaks who were taken prisoner as soldiers of the Austro- Hungarian army. By the agreement of March 26, 1918, the Soviet Government gave the Corps the oppor- tunity of leaving Russia via Vladivostok on condition that it surrender its weapons and remove its Russian commanders. But on the orders and with the support of the imperialists of the U.S.A., Britain and France, the counter-revolutionary com- manders of the Corps engineered an armed revolt by the Corps against the Soviet government at the end of May. Acting in close contact with the whiteguards and kulaks, the White Czechoslovak Corps occupied a considerable part of the Urals, the Volga area and Siberia. In the districts occupied by the Czechoslovak mutineers, whiteguard governments were formed with the participation of the Mensheviks and Socialist-Revolutionaries. Many soldiers in the Corps, seeing how they had been betrayed by their counter- revolutionary command, refused to fight against 482 NOTES
73 74 75 76 77 78 Soviet Russia and deserted from the Corps. About 12,000 Czechs and Slovaks fought in the ranks of the Red Army. The Volga area was liberated by the Red Army in the au- tumn of 1918. The White Czechoslovak Corps was completely routed simultaneously with the wiping out of Kolchak’s forces. p. 106
Lenin is referring to the following writings: the pamphlet by Rosa Luxemburg—Junius, Die Krise der Sozialdemokratie; the pamphlet circulated in Germany in manuscript form: Klassen-
Struggle Against the War. Material to Liebknecht’s “Case”); cuttings from the newspaper Berner Tagwacht, organ of the Social- Democratic Party of Switzerland. p. 107 The article by the German Left Social-Democrat O. Rühle, “Zur Parteispaltung” (On the Split in the Party), was published on January 12, 1916, in No. 11 of Vorwärts, the central organ of the German Social- Democratic Party. p. 107
Referenten-Material aus Niederbarnim’a (Niederbarnim—suburb of Berlin) was quoted in Legien’s pamphlet entitled Warum müs- sen die Gewerkschaftsfunktionäre sich mehr am inneren Parteileben beteiligen= (Why Must Trade Union Functionaries Take More Part in the Party’s Internal Affairs?). p. 107 This refers to the German Government’s demand for the ships of the Black Sea Fleet to be transferred from Novorossiisk to Sevastopol. See this volume, Document 88 and Note 60. p. 107 The Decree on the Nationalisation of the Oil Industry was adopt- ed by the Council of People’s Commissars on June 20, 1918. p. 107
K. A. Mekhonoshin, a member of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Eastern Front, asked by direct line for informa- tion concerning the situation resulting from the revolt of the Left Socialist-Revolutionaries in Moscow on July 6, 1918. He asked to be informed what stand the Left Socialist-Revolutionary A. L. Kolegayev had taken. Mekhonoshin also reported that M. A. Muravyov, a Left Socialist- Revolutionary in command of the troops of the Eastern Front, had proclaimed his loyalty to Soviet power and stated that he renounced his membership of the Left Socialist-Revolutionary Party because that party opposed Soviet power. However, Muravyov made this statement in order to conceal his own treacherous activity. On receiving a telegram from the Central Committee of the Left Socialist-Revolutionary Party alleging that the Left S.R.s had succeeded in seizing power in Moscow, he went over to the insurgents. According to their plan, Muravyov was to make the troops on the Eastern Front take up arms against Soviet power and, after joining forces with the white Czechs, to march on Moscow. On July 10, on arriving at Simbirsk,
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79 80 81 82 83 84 Muravyov announced that he did not recognise the Brest peace and declared war on Germany. The Soviet Government took urgent measures to liquidate Muravyov’s adventure. A government statement of July 11 de- clared him a traitor and enemy of Soviet power. On the evening of July 11, Muravyov was invited to a sitting of the Simbirsk Executive Committee. When Muravyov’s traitorous telegrams on the cessation of military operations against the interventionists and whiteguards were read out at the sitting, the Communists demanded his arrest. Muravyov offered resistance and was killed. and his accomplices were arrested. p. 114
The notes to I. E. Gukovsky refer to preparations for the issue of new Soviet currency. See also this volume, Document 71 and Note 45. p. 115
This evidently refers to the fact that at a meeting convened by the Saratov Committee of the Left Socialist-Revolutionary Party in connection with the Left Socialist-Revolutionaries’ revolt in Moscow, a decision was adopted condemning the actions of the C.C. of the Left Socialist- Revolutionaries tending to undermine Soviet power. The Saratov combat squad of Left Socialist-Revolutiona- ries at their meeting denounced the treachery of the Left Social- ist-Revolutionaries in Moscow and declared that they stood by the platform of defence of Soviet power. On receipt of a report from Saratov on the decisions adopted by the meeting of the Left Socialist- Revolutionaries, Lenin sent it to Pravda with the following introductory words: “Commissar Ivanov, travelling to the Caucasus, reports from Saratov.” It was published in Pravda with this introduction. p. 117 This was written in connection with a letter sent to the Naval Board by the Bureau of Supply of the North Caucasian Military District, requesting urgently to dispatch to the Caspian Sea and river Kura 8-10 motor vessels, which were to be put at the dispos- al of the Baku Council of People’s Commissars. The letter speci- fied the types of vessels, which were to be equipped with ordnance and machine-guns, and also with spare parts for the engines. p. 117 In reply to Lenin’s inquiry, Podvoisky, a member of the Sup- reme Military Council, reported that the units which were to be sent from Kursk to the Eastern Front were still being raised and that a brigade of three regiments with three batteries would be entrained on July 23. p. 118 Podvoisky had proposed taking upon himself the leadership in suppressing the Czechoslovak revolt and counter- revolutionary actions in the Volga area and the Urals. p. 119 Later, in reply to an inquiry from Lydia Fotieva about this letter of Lenin’s, Larin informed her: “The letter from Vladimir Ilyich which you sent (concerning the drafting of a pamphlet about the Supreme Economic Council) was never received by me. Perhaps
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85 86 87 it relates to the time when (in 1918) I was sent to Berlin to con- duct negotiations with the Germans, and was to be handed to me on my return. At any rate, soon after returning I received a letter from Vladimir Ilyich on a similar subject, only broader in con- tent—to write about the Soviet Republic in general, not merely about the Supreme Economic Council (the letter has not been found.—Ed.), so as to acquaint people abroad and our own popu- lation with what had been achieved in one year. To this end, Vla- dimir Ilyich later wrote an order to all government departments to give me all the information I needed (see Lenin Miscellany XXI, p. 139.—Ed.). But the material sent in by the departments was far from satisfactory and we had to abandon the thought of compiling such a factual report of the government for the first year of our rule, the idea of which had apparently dismissed from Vladimir Ilyich’s mind the proposal for a pamphlet about the Supreme Economic Council alone.” Connected with Lenin’s instructions mentioned by Larin in his letter to Fotieva is the decision drafted by Lenin and adopted by the Council of People’s Commissars on August 29, 1918, call- ing for written reports to be submitted by the People’s Commis- sariats on their work since October 25 (November 7), 1917, and Lenin’s letter to the People’s Commissars on this question (see present edition, Vol. 36, p. 493; Vol. 35, Document 168). p. 121
On July 31, 1918, the Entente interventionists landed troops in Onega and seized the town. p. 123 This refers to the following decrees of the Council of People’s Commissars drafted on the basis of Lenin’s “Theses on the Food Question” written on August 2, 1918 (see present edition, Vol. 28, pp. 45-47): “On Drawing Workers’ Organisations into Grain Procurement” (in Lenin’s letter it is called a decree on collective trains) and “On Harvesting and Harvesting-Requisitioning Detach- ments”. The decrees were adopted at the sittings of the Council of People’s Commissars on August 3 and 4, 1918, and published in Izvestia on August 6. Clause 7 of the decree “On Drawing Workers’ Organisations into Grain Procurement”, mentioned lower down in the document, states: “Detachments setting out to procure grain are obliged to assist the local population in bringing in the harvest.” p. 125 After the capture of Archangel by the Entente troops on August 2, 1918, a group of functionaries of the Archangel Gubernia Execu- tive Committee went to Vologda to report to M. S. Kedrov on the situation on the Northern Dvina. In Vologda, they learned of L. D. Trotsky’s order, which demanded that the functionaries who had left Archangel should be regarded as deserters and tried by the Supreme Revolutionary Tribunal. The group of Communists, outraged by this order, since they were not directly to blame for the fall of Archangel, sent a request to Lenin and Sverdlov to be allowed to come to Moscow and report the truth about the events. In reply, Lenin sent the telegram published here. p. 126
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88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 Replying to the preceding note from Lenin, Tsyurupa wrote: “Hostages can be taken when there is a real force. But is there? It is doubtful.” p. 127 This telegram is the reply to a message by direct line from D. T. Pe- truchuk, representative of the Moscow Regional Commissariat for Military Affairs, who had been sent to Orsha to expedite the dispatch of Red Army units to the Eastern Front. Petruchuk re- ported demoralisation in a number of army units and poor work on the part of local Soviet bodies, and he asked to be allowed to use the direct line. p. 130 The Institute of Marxism- Leninism of the Central Committee of the C.P.S.U. does not have the letter from Vorovsky, or its enclosures, or any other material that would make it possible to establish the precise nature of the abuses referred to. Since Lenin’s letter was addressed to Sklyansky, member of the Board of the People’s Commissariat for Military Affairs, it may be pre- sumed that the reference is to abuses in one of the military depart- ments. p. 131
Malyshev, in his capacity of authorised agent of the Union of Communes of the Northern Region, headed the expedition along the Volga of mobile trading barges carrying goods for exchange against grain. Lenin’s telegram was in reply to Malyshev’s report on the successful purchase of grain. See also this volume, Docu- ment 384. p. 132 Lenin sent this telegram in reply to A. Y. Minkin, Chairman of the Penza Gubernia Executive Committee, who asked whether it was necessary to comply with the order of A. I. Potyaev, People’s Commissar for Finance of the Northern Region, to the Chief of the Stationery Office in Penza that the unloading of the Stationery Office’s train should be held up, contrary to Lenin’s order dated August 16, 1918. The Left Socialist- Revolutionaries’ revolt in Chembar, an uyezd town in Penza Gubernia, mentioned in the telegram, broke out on the night of August 18. On August 20, the revolt was put down by a detachment of Lettish riflemen and Red Army men, who had arrived from Penza. p. 134
This refers to a proposal to reward the first units to enter Kazan and Simbirsk. p. 135 Lenin lived at the house of Latukka in Vyborg from September 17 (30) to October 7 (20), 1917, after the July events, when he went into hiding to avoid persecution by the bourgeois Provision- al Government. p. 136
The Poor Peasants’ Committees were instituted by a decree of the All-Russia Central Executive Committee on June 11, 1918. They played a tremendous part in the struggle against the kulaks and in consolidating Soviet power in the countryside. They car- 486 NOTES
96 97 98 ried out strict accounting and distribution of grain and agricultur- al implements. Already by the autumn of 1918 the Poor Peas- ants’ Committees, which played a historic role in the social- ist revolution, had successfully solved the tasks entrusted to them. In this connection, and also in connection with the need “to com- plete Soviet construction by the creation of a uniform organisa- Download 6.35 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: 
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