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N Nadezhda Konstantinovna—see Krupskaya, N. K. Naglovsky, Alexander Dmitrie- v i c h —in 1919 a member of the Board of the People’s Com- missariat for Railways, au- thorised agent of the Council of Defence for introducing mar- tial law on the railways of the Northern Front, Chairman of the Commission for the Evacuation of Property from Petrograd.—297 Nansen, Fridtjof (1861-1930)— distinguished Norwegian sci- entist, arctic explorer, well- known public figure. After the First World War he was High Commissioner of the League of Nations for the repatriation of prisoners of war.—224, 226 Narimanov, Nariman Kerbalai Najaf-ogly (1871- 1925)—Soviet statesman, author. In 1917 a prominent fighter for Soviet power in Azerbaijan. In 1918 became People’s Commissar for Mining in the Baku Council of People’s Commissars. In 1919 started work in the People’s Commissariat for Foreign Af- fairs, then Deputy People’s Commissar for Nationalities, Chairman of the Azerbaijan Revolutionary Committee, Chairman of the Council of People’s Commissars of Azer- baijan, then one of the chair- men of the Central Executive Committee of the U.S.S.R.— 367
Natsarenus, Sergei Pavlovich (1883 - 1938)—joined the R.S.D.L.P. in 1904. In 1918 Military Commissar Extraordi- nary of the Murmansk-White Sea Region, then of the Pet- rograd Military District. Was a member of the Revolution- ary Military Councils of the 7th, 14th and 15th armies. In July 1919 appointed Mili- tary Commissar of the Kharkov Military District.—114, 120.
128, 246, 247, 249 N a z a r o v , S t e p a n I v a n o v i c h (1879- 1944)—joined the R.S.D.L.P. in 1903. After the October Revolution Chairman of the Chief Cotton Committee, member of the Ivanovo-Voz- nesensk Gubernia Committee of the Party and Gubernia Exe- cutive Committee, authorised agent of the Revolutionary Military Council of the 9th Army and Commissar of Army Staff.—302 Nevsky, Vladimir Ivanovich (1876- 1937)—joined the R.S.D.L.P. in 1898. After the October Revolution People’s Commissar for Railways, Dep- uty Chairman of the
All- Russia Central Executive Com- mittee, Rector of the Sverd- lov Communist University.— 56, 126, 179, 198, 257
(1887-1938)—joined the R.S.D.L.P. in 1904. During 1918-24 a member of the
Board of the People’s Commis- sariat for Posts and Telegraphs, Chairman of the Radio Coun- cil.—394, 399, 447 Nikulina, Nadezhda Alexeyevna (1845-1923)—well-known come- dy actress of the Maly Theatre (Moscow) (1863-1914).—427 594 NAME INDEX O Obolensky, V. V.—see Osinsky, N. Obukh, Vladimir Alexandrovich ( 1 8 7 0 - 1 9 3 4 ) — j o i n e d t h e R.S.D.L.P. in 1894; physician, leading worker of the Soviet public health service. During 1919-23 head of the Moscow Health Department. Attended Lenin during his illness.— 384-85
Odintsov, Sergei Ivanovich (b. 1874)—in April 1917 ap- pointed Commander of the 3rd Caucasian Cossack Division. In 1918 Manager of the Gene- ral Office of the People’s Com- missariat for Military Affairs. —45
Okulov, Alexei Ivanovich ( 1 8 8 0 - 1 9 3 9 ) — j o i n e d t h e R.S.D.L.P. in 1903; author. During the Civil War a mem- ber of the Revolutionary Mil- itary Councils of the South- ern and Western fronts and of the 10th Army. In Decem- ber 1918 appointed member of the R.M.C. of the Republic. During 1920- 21 Commander of the troops of Eastern Siberia and member of the Revolution- ary Military Tribunal.—242, 246
Olderogge, V. A. (b. 1873)— general in the tsarist army. Joined the Red Army and in 1919 commanded the Eastern Front; was Chief of the Mili- tary Branch of the West-Sibe- rian Military District, then Chief of the Military Branch of the
Kiev Military Dis- trict.—286 Orjonikidze, Grigory Konstan- tinovich (Sergo) (1886- 1937)— joined the R.S.D.L.P. in 1903. After the October Revolution he was Commissar Extraordi- nary in the Ukraine, then in the south of Russia. During the Civil War a member of the Revolutionary Military Coun- cils of the 16th and 14th ar- mies, and of the Caucasian Front. During 1921-26 Chair- man of the Caucasian Bureau of the C.C. In 1926 became Chairman of the Central Con- trol Commission of the
C.P.S.U. and People’s Com- missar for Workers’ and Peas- ants’ Inspection of the
U.S.S.R. In 1930 Chairman of the U.S.S.R. Supreme Eco- nomic Council, and in 1932 People’s Commissar for Heavy Industry of the U.S.S.R.—56, 57, 70, 71, 185, 264, 341, 352, 367, 374- 75, 381, 395-96, 420, 423, 426 Orlov (Yegorov), Kirill Nikito- vich (1879-1943)—joined the R.S.D.L.P. in 1904. During 1917-18 Chairman of the All- Russia Board for Arming the Red Army. From August 1918 to December 1919 Political Commissar Extraordinary of the Tula small arms and car- tridge factories and ordnance depot.—204 Osinsky, N. (Obolensky, V. V.) (1887-1938)—joined the R.S.D.L.P. in 1907. After the October Revolution Manager of the State Bank of the R.S.F.S.R., Chairman of the Supreme
Economic Council.
In 1918 a “Left Communist”. In 1920 Chairman of the Tula Gubernia Executive Committee member of the Board of the People’s Commissariat for Food.—50, 62-63, 278 P Paikes, A. K. (1873-1958)— joined the R.C.P.(B.) in 1918. During 1918- 20 worked in Si-
595 NAME INDEX beria as member of the Board of the People’s Commissariat for State Control and the Workers’ and Peasants’ Inspec- tion, Deputy People’s Com- missar for State Control and member of the Siberian Rev- olutionary Committee.—139, 142, 315 Palchinsky, Pyotr Ioakimovich (d. 1930)—engineer; after the February 1917 revolution Dep- uty Minister for Trade and Industry in the bourgeois Pro- visional Government. After the October Revolution organised acts of sabotage in Soviet industry.—168
of the Polish workers’ move- ment, member of the Polish Socialist Party. During 1917- 18 worked as shop superintendent at the Berezniki Soda Works, then returned to Poland.—118
(1888- 1960)—joined the R.S.D.L.P. in 1907. In April 1918 appointed Military Com- missar Extraordinary in Tula Gubernia for combating coun- ter- revolution; commanded de- tachments of armed workers and sailors, was at the East- ern Front,
then appointed Military Commissar Extraor- dinary of the Volga region and the Urals for combating coun- ter- revolution.—99, 111, 124, 208
turn of the century took part in the
Social-Democratic movement of Russia and Ger- many. Afterwards withdrew from the S.D. movement, and during the First World War engaged in speculation and made a fortune on war con- tracts.—46, 47 Pavlov, Ivan Petrovich (1849- 1936)—eminent Russian phy- siologist.—392
Italian
socialist. During
1918-19 a member of the Spar- tacus League, later of the Communist Party of Bavaria. In 1921 joined the Italian Communist Party.—154
the staff of the Tsaritsyn Hous- ing Department in 1919.—201
(1886- 1938)—joined the R.S.D.L.P. in 1904. In 1917 elected to the C.C. of the Let- tish Social- Democratic Party. During the October days a member of the Petrograd Mili- tary Revolutionary Committee, then member of the Board of the Vecheka and Deputy Chair- man of the Vecheka. From 1919 to 1920 Commandant of the Petrograd and Kiev Forti- fied Areas and member of the Military Council of the Tula Fortified Area. In 1920 a mem- ber of the Turkestan Bureau of the C.C.—49, 305, 351
joined the R.S.D.L.P. in 1898. During the October Revolution a member of the Military Rev- olutionary Committee, then member of the Presidium of the All-Russia Central Execu- tive Committee and of the Revolutionary Tribunal under the C.E.C., Military Commis- sar of the Lettish Rifle Divi- sion. In December 1918 ap- pointed People’s Commissar for Military Affairs in Soviet Lat- via.—266, 303
(1878- 1958)—joined the R.S.D.L.P. in 1897. Deputy to the Fourth Duma, member of the Bolshevik parliamentary 596 NAME INDEX group. During 1917-19 Peo- ple’s Commissar for Internal Affairs of the R.S.F.S.R. From 1919 to 1938 Chairman of the All-Ukraine Central Executive Committee, after the formation of the U.S.S.R., Deputy Chair- man of the C.E.C. of the U.S.S.R., Deputy Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the U.S.S.R.—110, 173, 194, 202 Petruchuk, Demyan Timofeye- vich (b.
1890)—joined the
R.S.D.L.P.(B.) in
1917. In 1918 appointed Commissioner in Orsha of the Moscow Dis- trict Commissariat for Mili- tary Affairs for expediting the dispatch of Red Army units to the Eastern Front. In 1919 appointed Commissar of the Special Moscow Commission for Supplying Horses to the Red Army.—130
(1857- 1933)—French Foreign Minister during 1917-20.—205 Plaksin, Kirill Ivanovich (1881- 1933)—joined the R.S.D.L.P. in 1904. In 1917 a member of the Saratov Committee of the R.S.D.L.P.(B.), delegate to the Sixth Congress of the Party. After the October Revolution held Party, administrative and business posts in Saratov and Ivanovo.—263 Platten, Friedrich (1883-1942)— Swiss Communist, from 1912 to 1918 Secretary of the Swiss Social-Democratic Party. In
the Communist International, a member of the Comintern Bureau. Contributed to the journal The Communist Inter- national. Was one of the organ- isers of the Swiss Communist Party.—433
(1887- 1920)—joined the R.S.D.L.P. in 1905. In October 1917 Commissar for Posts and Telegraphs of Moscow and Mos- cow Region. In May 1918 ap- pointed People’s Commissar for Posts and Telegraphs of the R.S.F.S.R.—67, 102, 193, 249
1948)—joined the R.S.D.L.P. in 1901. Preparatory to and during the October armed up- rising Chairman of the Mili- tary Revolutionary Committee in Petrograd. After the Octo- ber Revolution a member of the Committee for Military and Naval Affairs, Command- er of the Petrograd Military District. In 1919 appointed People’s Commissar for Mili- tary and Naval Affairs of the Ukraine.—58, 64
117, 119,
213, 223, 226, 237, 258, 263-64 Pokrovsky, Mikhail Nikolayevich (1868- 1932)—joined the R.S.D.L.P. in 1905; historian. From November 1917 to March 1918 Chairman of the Moscow Soviet. In 1918 appointed De- puty People’s Commissar for Education of the R.S.F.S.R.— 331, 349, 359, 419, 451 Popov, Pavel Ilyich (1872-1950) —in 1918 appointed head of the Central Statistical Board. —127, 268, 382, 459 Popova (Kasparova), Yevgenia Minasovna (1888-1963)—dur- ing 1918-22 worked as Manager of the Housing Department of the All-Russia C.E.C.—310
member of the staff of the Supreme Economic Council; up to July 1918 Left Socialist-Rev- olutionary, then joined the R.C.P.(B.).—116 P o t y a e v , A. I. (b. 1888)—in 1918 Deputy People’s Commis- 597 NAME INDEX sar for Finance. During the Civil War member of the Revo- lutionary Military Council of the Western Front (1919).—298 Pozern, Boris Pavlovich (1882- 1939)—joined the R.S.D.L.P. in 1902. During 1918-19 Staff Commissar of the Petrograd Military District, then member of the Revolutionary Military Councils of the Western and Eastern fronts and of the 5th Army. After the Civil War Chairman of the Chief Textile Committee, Secretary of the South-Eastern Territory Com- mittee of the C.P.S.U., Rec- tor of the Leningrad Commu- nist University Secretary of the Leningrad Regional Com- mittee of the Party. Member of the All- Russia C.E.C. and the U.S.S.R. Central
Executive Committee.—242, 298 Pravdin, Alexander Grigorievich (1879- 1943)—joined the R.S.D.L.P. in 1899. After the October Revolution Deputy People’s Commissar for Internal Affairs, then Deputy People’s Commissar for Railways and held other administrative and Party posts.—109 Preobrazhensky, Alexei Andreye- vich (1863-1938)—from 1902 onwards worked on the Samara- Zlatoust Railway; in 1918 Man- ager of the General Office, in 1919 Business Manager and then head of the Administrative Service of the railway. In 1922 appointed Manager of the Gorki State Farm.—440
R.S.D.L.P. in 1903. After the February 1917
revolution worked in the Urals. From 1918 carried on Party work and po- litical work in the army. In 1920 one of the secretaries of the Party’s C.C.—333, 340, 423, 455
(1886- 1949)—joined the R.S.D.L.P.(B.) in 1917. In 1918 Secretary of the Extraordinary Commission in Rodniki, Iva- novo- Voznesensk Gubernia.— 177, 180
1923)—joined the Polish So- cial-Democratic movement in the 1880s. In 1894 arrested and in 1897 exiled to the vil- lage of Shushenskoye in East- ern Siberia, where he met Lenin and Krupskaya and became close friends with them. After his term of exile he worked on the railway in Siberia. Fought in the Civil War.—385, 406
Bolshevik, a Cossack from Ur- morunskaya stanitsa, Pavlodar Uyezd, Semipalatinsk Guber- nia.—393
(1890- 1937)—joined the R.S.D.L.P. in 1910. Did Party work in the Ukraine and ab- road. During 1915-17 took an anti-Leninist stand
on the
question of the right of nations to self- determination and on other important issues of Party policy.
After the
February 1917 revolution Chairman of the Kiev Committee of the R.S.D.L.P.(B.). After the Oc- tober Revolution a member of the Soviet Government of the Ukraine. From 1920 onwards held business and administra- tive posts. Repeatedly came out
against the
Party’s Leninist policy. Expelled from the Party for anti- Party activ- ities.—237, 369-70 598 NAME INDEX R Radchenko, Ivan Ivanovich (1874- 1942)—joined the R.S.D.L.P. in 1898. One of the organisers of the U.S.S.R. peat industry. In 1920 worked in the Chief Peat Committee.—456 Radek, Karl Bernhardovich (1885- 1939)—joined the Bolshevik Party in 1917. After the Octo- ber Revolution worked in the People’s Commissariat for For- eign Affairs, was Secretary of the Executive Committee of the Comintern. From 1923 a leader of the Trotsky opposi- tion. In 1936 expelled from the Party for anti- Party activities. —57, 91, 360, 400, 418- 19, 420
R.S.D.L.P. in 1898. During 1918- 21 Manager of the Social Insurance and Labour Protec- tion Department, then Deputy People’s Commissar for Labour of the R.S.F.S.R., Chairman of the Saratov Gubernia Execu- tive Committee, Chairman of the Revolutionary Committee of Kirghizia.—263
1942)—Bundist. After the Feb- ruary 1917 revolution a mem- ber of the Executive Commit- tee of the Petrograd Soviet. Aft- erwards worked in the Ukraine. Headed the
Left wing
of the Bund. In the summer of 1919 joined the R.C.P.(B.). Was a commissar in the Red Army.—390
joined the R.S.D.L.P. in 1903. Participant in the revolution- ary movement in Russia and Finland. During the July days of 1917 helped to arrange Lenin’s passage to Finland to escape persecution by the bour- geois Provisional Government, and back again to Russia in October. In 1918 commanded detachments of the Red Guard during the
workers’ revo-
lution in Finland.—54 Rakovsky, Khristian Georgievich (1873- 1941)—joined the R.S.D.L.P.(B.) in 1917. In 1918 Chairman of the Council of People’s Commissars of the Ukraine, then an active mem- ber of the Trotsky opposition; in 1938 expelled from the Par- ty for anti-Party activities.— 211- 12, 219, 223, 233, 235, 236-37, 252, 258, 263, 265, 271, 344, 357, 361, 372
(1892- 1939)—joined the R.S.D.L.P. in 1910. After the October Revolution Deputy People’s Commissar for Naval Affairs, member of the Revolu- tionary Military Council of the Republic and of the R.M.C. of the Eastern Front, Commander of the Volga-Caspian Flotilla and the Baltic Fleet.—122, 133, 347, 357
ing 1917-20 Secretary of the Karabanovo District Commit- tee of the R.C.P.(B.), Alexan- drov Uyezd, Vladimir Region. —455
R a t t e l , N i k o l a i I o s i f o v i c h (b. 1875)—general in the tsarist army, who sided with the So- viets after the October Revo- lution. From November 1917 to 1925 Chief of All-Russia General Headquarters.—239
1917 a member of the Petro- grad Committee of the
R.S.D.L.P. (B.).
After the
October Revolution engaged in Party
and administrative work.—186
599 NAME INDEX R e i c h , Y a k o v S a m o i l o v i c h (b. 1886)—in 1918 editor of Russische Nachrichtung, infor- mation bulletin of the Soviet Mission in Berne. In 1919 worked in the People’s Com- missariat for Foreign Affairs. From the autumn of 1919 to April 1925 Manager of the Co- mintern publishing office in Berlin.—326
1917 a member of the American Red Cross Mission in Russia. —82, 87
Rodzyanko, Mikhail Vladimiro- vich (1859-1924)—big land- owner, monarchist, a leader of the Octobrist Party (the Un- ion of October Seventeen). After the October Revolution fled to Denikin; attempted to unite all the counter-revolu- tionary forces against the So- viet government.—285
(b. 1884)—in 1920 Secretary of the Alexandrov Uyezd Exec- utive
Committee, Vladimir
Region.—455 Rothstein, Theodore (1871-1953)— joined the R.S.D.L.P. in 1901. In 1890 emigrated from Rus- sia. Took an active part in the British labour movement and in the founding of the Communist Party of Great Britain (1920). Contributed to the Russian and foreign so- cialist press. In 1920 returned to Russia. From 1921 to 1930 in the diplomatic service.— 304, 326, 403
(1889- 1938)—joined the R.S.D.L.P. in 1905. During the October Revolution a member of the Moscow Military Revo- lutionary Committee. During the Civil War a member of the Revolutionary Military Councils of a number of armies and fronts; afterwards held military, diplomatic and
administrative posts; in 1922, a member of the Board of the Commissariat for Finance. In 1937 expelled from the Party for anti-Party activities.—358
1937)—in 1919 a member of the Economic Council of the Northern district. In
1920 Chief of the Petrograd Fuel Department.—430
1938)—joined the R.S.D.L.P. in 1905. After the October Rev- olution engaged in trade un- ion work, then member of the Board of the Supreme Econom- ic Council. In 1919 member of the Turkestan Commission. In 1920 became member of the
C.C., R.C.P.(B.), mem- ber of the Presidium and Gen- eral Secretary of the All- Russia
Central Council
of Trade Unions. During 1921-24 Chairman of the Central Asia Bureau
of the
R.C.P.(B.). From 1924 to 1930 People’s Commissar for Railways. In 1932 appointed Chairman of the Central Control Commis- sion
of the
C.P.S.U. and
People’s Commissar for Work- ers’ and Peasants’ Inspection of the U.S.S.R.—222, 315, 362
Left Social- Democrat, publi- cist. In 1919 joined the Com- munist Party of Germany.— 107
Dutch engineer, Communist. Worked in the Soviet Union at intervals, from 1918 to 1938.—326
(1891- 1938)—joined the
600 NAME INDEX R.S.D.L.P.(B.) in 1917. In 1920 Chairman of the Alexandrov Uyezd Executive Committee, VIadimir Region.—455 Rykov, Alexei Ivanovich (1881- 1938)—joined the R.S.D.L.P. in 1899. After the October Rev- olution
People’s Commissar for Internal Affairs, Chairman of the Supreme Economic Coun- cil, Deputy Chairman of the Council of People’s Commis- sars and the Council of Labour and Defence, special agent of the C.L.D. for the supply of the Red Army and Navy. Was Chairman of the C.P.C. of the U.S.S.R. and the R.S.F.S.R. and a member of the Politbu- reau of the C.C. Came out re- peatedly against the Party’s Leninist policy. Expelled from the Party for anti- Party activ- ities.—66-67, 81, 89,
294, 299, 335, 363-64, 371, 429, 442, 453, 456-58
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