In this unit you will learn how to
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Unit Design Akramova Sh
- Bu sahifa navigatsiya:
- Reading comprehension
- Listening practice Exercise 5.
- Grammar Focus Questions and Answers
- Writing practice Exercise 7.
- Lesson 2. Types of Phobias Speaking practice Exercise 1.
- Types of Phobias
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Vocabulary preview Exercise 2. Match the words on the left with the meaning on the right. 1. fear a. causing fear or terror 2. frightening b. an emotion in danger 3. terrible c. fraught with extreme danger. 4. dire d. exceptionally bad 5. shout e. to make a loud noise because of being in a pain 6. cry out f. to make a sudden loud noise due to feeling pain 7. scream g. to move suddenly because you are afraid 8. start h. to make a loud cry because you are hurt. Page 2 Fear reading skill Reading comprehension FEARS, REACTIONS, COPING Many people have a fear of things like snakes, spiders, heights, water, and small enclosed spaces. If many people have the same fears, how do we all developed them? If you think about the when we did not live in houses, but alongside nature, we faced many more dangers from animals. We have developed a response to situation that might cause us harm, such as a bite from a poisonous snake or a bite from a dog. Of course, not all fears are innate. For example, if you see someone almost drown, you may react by developing a fear of water. Or, if a parent has a fear of heights, it is quite common for their children to also developed a fear of heights. The reason for this is not genetic; it is simply because children learn behavior and attitudes from their parents. To answer this question, we have to define what is meant by phobia. While almost everyone has a fear of something, whether it is spiders or flying, a fear is only classified as a phobia by psychologists if it is so serious it affects your daily life. According to the Anxiety Disorders Association of America. 19 million Americans (around 6 percent of the population) have specific phobias, such as crossing bridges or going through tunnels. Another 15 million (around 5 percent) have a social phobia such as public speaking. Unfortunately, those who have one phobia are likely to have others too. Because many fears are learned during our lives, we simply have to unlearned these feelings. If people confront their fear in a gradual way, they can learn to control how they react to the situation and not panic. It might not cure the fear completely, but it will probably help people to cope better. 
Fear Page 3 Listening skill Exercise 3. Do the following sentences agree with the information given the passage? TRUE if the sentence agrees with the information FALSE if the sentences contradicts the information NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this 1. Minority of people in our society have a fear things like snakes, spiders and animals. 2. If a parent has a fear of heights, it is quiet common for their children. 3. According to the Anxiety Disorders Association of American, 20 million Americans have peculiar phobias. 4. Some people think that a social phobia such as speaking in front of public is not fear, but also psychological disorder. 5. Many phobias are picked up during our lives.
1. Phobia can be inherited from one generation to another one. 2. It is considered that a fear might be controlled by human.
b. to laugh uncontrollable way d. excited or worried e. to cause something to start f. escaping or running away g. causing great emotional shock h. to be potentially dangerous 1.________ to faint 2.________ to freak someone out 3.________ sinister 4._________ flight 5. _________ to pose a threat 6._________ to giggle 7. _________ to trigger something 8. _________ traumatic
Fear Page 4 Grammar focus Grammar Focus Questions and Answers Question with YES/NO Questions with Yes/ No answers begin with an auxiliary or modal verb ( is, are, do, does, can, etc.) which is followed by the subject. We usually answer these questions with Yes/No. E. g.” Are you tired?” “Yes, I am”. “Can you drive a car? “ “No, I can’t”. When the main verb of the sentence is the present simple, we form the question with do or does. When the main verb is in the past simple, we form the question with did. E. g, “Does Maria own a house?” “Yes, she does” “Did you post the letter?” “No, I didn’t”. Exercise 6. Write questions and answers for the following statements, as in the example. 1. Paul was tired when he get home. ___________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________ 3. Tom wants to concentrate on his medical studies. _____________________________________________________ 4. People stare at me everywhere I go. _____________________________________________________ 5. The children have breakfast with their parents before they left for school. _____________________________________________________ 6. The mother will have cleaned the house by the time they come back. ______________________________________________________ 7. I will tidy up after we finish cooking. _______________________________________________________ 8. They think that they could have opened another hospital instead. _______________________________________________________ Fear Page 5 Writing skill Writing practice Exercise 7. Make a short story about the fear, which you have faced recently. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Fear Page 6 Speaking skill Lesson 2. Types of Phobias Speaking practice Exercise 1. Look at the common fears. Choose one that has caused you to feel afraid. Describe your experience. Closed spaces elevators flying heights public speaking snakes spiders water fire darkness open spaces storm a bite from dog public transportation Vocabulary preview Exercise 2. Circle the correct word to complete these sentence. 1. To confront means to __________ a difficult situation. a) face b) ignore
a) fall at it b) struggle against what to do it 3. If things impact you, they ________ you. a) confuse b) affect 4. A reluctant person is ________ to do something. a) unwilling b) willing 5. If you run out of something, you don’t ____________. a) have any more of it b) remember what to do it. 6. Symptoms are signs that someone has _____________. a) a new job b) an illness . 7. If something is excessive, it’s __________________. a) less than usual or necessary b)more than unusual and necessary. 8. To panic means to __________ and not know what to do about it. a) be thrilled b) have a sudden fair. Fear Page 2 Fear Page 7 Reading skill Reading comprehension Types of Phobias An phobia is an excessive and irrational fear reaction. The fear can be a certain place, situation, or object. Unlike general anxiety disorders, a phobia is usually connected to something specific. Genetic and environmental factors can cause phobias. Children who have a close relative with an anxiety disorder are at risk of developing a phobia. Phobias have different symptoms from serious mental illnesses such as schizophrenia. In schizophrenia, people have visual and an auditory hallucinations, such as anhedonia, and disorganized symptoms. Phobias may be irrational, but people with phobias do not fail reality testing. 1. Agoraphobia is a fear of places or situations that you can’t escape from. The word itself refers to “fear of open spaces”. People with agoraphobia fear being in large crowds or trapped outside the home. They often avoid social situations altogether and stay inside their home. 2.Gloss phobia. This is known as performance anxiety, or the fear of speaking in front of an audience. People with this fear have severe think about being in front of a group of people. 3.Acrophobia. This is the fear of heights. People with this phobia avoid mountains, bridges, or the higher floors of buildings. 4. Aviophobia. This is also known as the fear of flying. 5. Dentophobia is a fear of the dentist or dental procedures. This phobia generally develops after an unpleasant experience at dentist’s office. It can be harmful if it prevents you from obtaining needed dental care. 6. Arachnophobia. This a fear of spiders. 7. Cynophobia. This a fear of dogs. 8. Ophidiophobia. People with this phobia fear snakes. 9. Nyctophobia. This phobia is a fear of the nighttime or darkness. It almost always begins as a typical childhood fear. When it progresses past adolescence, it’s considered a phobia.
1. gloss phobia 4. nyctophobia 2. acrophobia 5. aviophobia 3. ophidiophobia 6. arachnophobia Fear Page 8 Listening skill a)  b) 
c)  d) 
e)  f) 
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