Inclusive Learning and Educational Equity 5

Resourceful and Knowledgeable Expert Learners
These are portrayed in 
Table 
2.2
 (see the 
Appendix
) as perceiving, mastering language and symbols, and 
comprehending. The main qualities of these learners are as follows:
• These learners percept through access and adjustment of information in different 
modalities. They use alternatives for visual and auditory information.
• These learners recognize, memorize and internalize of language symbols. They 
do it through information decoding, syntax and structure understanding.
• These learners comprehend through background knowledge, fundamental rela-
tionships, patterns, ideas, and features. They transfer, generalize process, and 
visualize.
The second UDL principle of providing multiple means of representation is 
closely related to the qualities of resourceful and knowledgeable expert learners 
listed above.
Strategic and Goal-Directed Expert Learners
These are described in Table 
2.3
(see 
Appendix
) as operating physical actions, mastering expression and communi-
cation, and carrying out executive functions. The main qualities of these learners are 
as follows:
• These learners like physical activity. They seek it through varied learning meth-
ods and technologies.
• These learners use communication and expression through multimedia. They 
like multiple tools, practice, and performance.
• These learners perform executive functioning through management of resources. 
They are setting goals, planning strategies, and monitoring progress.
These qualities of strategic and goal-directed expert learners listed above are 
closely related to the third UDL principle of providing multiple means of action and 
expression.
2 The Goal of the Universal Design for Learning: Development of All to Expert…

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