Afrikaans is one of the 11 official languages in South Africa and is a lingua franca of Namibia. It is used in other Southern African nations, as well.
Low German is a collection of very diverse dialects spoken in the northeast of the Netherlands and northern Germany.
Scots is spoken in Lowland Scotland and parts of Ulster.
Frisian is spoken among half a million people who live on the southern fringes of the North Sea in the Netherlands and Germany.
Luxembourgish is a Moselle Franconian dialect that is spoken mainly in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, where it is considered to be an official language.
Similar varieties of Moselle Franconian are spoken in small parts of Belgium, France and Germany.
Yiddish, once a native language of some 11 to 13 million people, remains in use by some 1,5 million speakers in Jewish communities around the world, mainly in North America, Europe, Israel and other regions with Jewish populations.
Limburgish varieties are spoken in the Limburg and Rhineland regions,along the Dutch-Belgian-German border.
Dutch is an official language of Aruba, Belgium, Curacao, the Netherlands also colonized Indonesia, but Dutch was scrapped as an official language after Indonesian Independence. Today, it is only used by older or traditionally educated people. Dutch was until 1984 an official language in South Africa but evolved into and was replaced by Afrikaans, a partially mutually intelligible daughter language of Dutch.
North Germanic languages
In addition to being the official language in Sweden, Swedish is also spoken
natively by the Swedish-speaking minority in Finland, which is a large part of the
population along the coast of western and southern Finland. Swedish is also one of
the two official languages in Finland, along with Finnish and the only official
language in the Aland Islands. Swedish is also spoken by some people in Estonia.
Danish is an official language of Denmark and in its overseas territory of the
Faroe Islands and it is a lingua franca and language of education in its other
overseas territory of Greenland, where it was one of the official languages until
2009. Danish, a locally recognized minority language, is also natively spoken by
the Danish minority in the German state of Schleswig-Holstein.
East Germanic languages
The East Germanic languages also called the Oder-Vistula Germanic languages are a group of extinct Germanic languages spoken by East Germanic people.
The only East Germanic languages of which texts are known are from Gothic, although a word list and some short sentences survive from its relative Crimean Gothic. Other east Germanic languages include Vandalic and Burgundian, though the only remnants of these languages are in the form of isolated words and short phrases. Crimean Gothic is believed to have survived until the 18th century in isolated areas of Crimea.
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
