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indirect object: a noun or noun phrase that comes between the verb and the direct object. In the sentences 
below, the indirect objects are underlined: 
We are telling you a Hodja story. 
The Hodja did not want to lend his neighbor his donkey. 
interjection: a part of speech that includes expressions like Gosh!, Drat!, etc. In the sentence below, the 
interjection is underlined: 
"Allah! May you be forgiven your lack of faith!" cried the Hodja. 
noun: a word that refers to or names someo
., dog, Winston Churchill, happiness
ne or something, e.g
, etc. In 
the following sentence, the nouns are underlined: 
"You will believe the word of a donkey, and you will not believe the word of a man whose beard is white!" 
pa
diff
be
rt of speech: In traditional English grammar study, the words of the language are divided into eight 
erent classes. These eight classes are called parts of speech. They are the following, each of which has 
en defined in this section: 
nouns adjectives pronouns 
prepositions 
verbs adverbs conjunctions interjections 
ph
bject and 
pre
rase: a group of words (different from a clause or sentence because it doesn't contain both su
dicate). Typical phrases are: 
noun phrases (book of stories about the Hodja) 
prepositional phrases (at the bottom, of the boat, about the Hodja) 
verb phrases (might be looking, should have been seen) 
plural: referring to more than one. Nouns and pronouns can be plural, and so can the verb be. In the 
following sentences, the plural words are underlined: 
One day the Hodja planted some saplings in his garden. 
When evening came and he had finished his task, he uprooted them all and carried them into his house. 
"We are living in bad times," he explained to his children. 
It is better to keep our belongings where we can see them." 
below) and a predicate. The predicate usually 
b and whatever follows it in the sentence. In the sentences below, the predicates are