Information collection & exchange

r further reading 
echniques and Principles in Language Teaching
Freeman
xford University Press, 1986
ack C. Richards and Theodore S. Rodgers
s, 1986
his book is academic in its approach. If you would like to know more about the theory underpinning 
 
 
 
 
 
to
up some role plays and build up some dialogues
a
and the lack of textbooks will not be a constraint on their learning. 
 Summary 
This chapter outlines who to ask and what to ask in a needs assessment. 
This chapter suggests solutions to the problems inside the school system, such as
large multilevel classes
strict adherence to the curriculum
limited hours for English instruction
special needs of students 
This chapter suggests solutions to the problems outside the school system, such as
individual classes
no suitable textbooks 
 Suggestions fo
T
Diane Larsen-
O
This book is both practical and user friendly. The author visited classrooms in which a variety of techniques 
are used. Methods are described in an objective way. The descriptions will give you ideas on how you can 
adapt methods to suit the needs of your situation. 
Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching
J
Cambridge University Pres
T
different approaches and methods, you will find this book helpful and interesting. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

---

 
 
 
 
CHAPTER TWO 
srooms and English language
teaching. 
ge learning days. Did you ever have a teacher who forced everyone to learn 
the same way? Were all the students equally happy with that class? Probably not. The chances are that a 
acher who showed no flexibility and appreciation of variety in learning style was not very motivating or 
chance to try speaking the new language. Others, more reserved, prefer to listen and understand 
efore speaking. Some people find that studying the grammar is an important step for them in establishing a 
ge learning. Others never study the rules, but find that putting themselves in 
ituations where they have to communicate is enough to trigger their learning. 
s you become more familiar with your job you will find that you learn to trust your instincts and your ability 
y need to read about methods and approaches, and you 
hould look for opportunities to talk to experienced teachers about what they think of different methods. 
dents and which ensures they get the best out of every lesson. 
arning; with 
yllabus, learning and teaching activities, learner and teacher roles, and instructional materials; and with 
lassroom techniques, practices, and behaviors. 
his chapter examines ten different approaches or methods, and identifies the choices offered by each of 
Grammar Translation Method