Ingliz tili o’zbekiston Respublikasi Sog’liqni saqlash vazirligi tomondan tibbiyot oliy o’quv yurtlari talabalari uchun qo’lanma sifatida tavsiya etilgan. "O’zbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi"

causative agent [`ko:zətiv`eidзənt] qo’zg’atuvchi;
stage [steidз] a bosqich;
malaise [mæ`leIz] n holsizlik;
fatigue [fə`ti:g]n charchoq;
loss [los] n yo’qotish;
pus [p Λs] yiring;
involve [in`volv] zararlamoq, jalb etish (patologik jarayonga);
profuse [prə`fju:s] a mo’l, ko’p;
permanent [`pə:mənənt] a doimiy;
benign [bI`naIn] a yaxshi sifatli, xavfsiz;
elevation [,elI`ve∫n] n ko’tarilish;
perspiration [,pə:spə`rei∫n] n terlash, ter;
evidence [`evidəns] n yaqqollik; asos, isbot.


III. Quyidagi so’z va so’z birikmalarini o’qing va tarjima qiling:

1. 
   malaise [mæ`leiz], a general malase, to complain of a general malaise, a general malaise is one of the symptoms of tuberculosis;
   
2. 
   fatigue [fə`ti:g], a considerable fatigue, a marked fatigue, to suffer from a slight fatigue.
   
3. 
   pus [pΛs], a thick pus, the discharge containing much pus, much pus was found in the sputum.
   
4. 
   benign [binain], benign disease, a benign tumour was revealed in the lungs, benign impairment of the kidney.
   

IV. 1. Tekst C ni o’qing. 2. Tekstdan tuberkulez simptomlarini toping. 3. Tarjima qiling. 4. Tekst bo’yicha savollar tuzing:


Text C. Pulmonary Tuberculosis – Clinical Picture

Pulmonary tuberculosis is caused by microbacterium tuberculosis, which produces characteristic tuberculous changes in the lung. This disease may also affect other organs: bones, joints, lymphatic glands, kidneys, etc. The causative agent of tuberculosis was discovered by Koch in 1882.

In the early stage of tuberculosis the patient usually complains of a general malaise, fatigue, loss of appetite and body weight. Cough may be dry or productive, i.e. with sputum discharge. Coughing becomes worse at night and in the morning. In patients with cavities in the lungs coughing is accompanied by a considerable discharge of sputum.
Sputum is mucopurulent. Its microscopic examination reveals a large number of pus corpuscles, erythocytes, and tuberculous organisms. Blood in the sputum is sometimes the first sign of tuberculosis. If large blood vessels are involved the discharge of blood may become profuse.
Fever is one of the permanent symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis. In benign processes the body temperature is often subfebrile. In activeforms it may range from 38⁰ C to 39⁰ C. A considerable elevation of temperature is observed in pneumonic forms when fever persists at a level of 38⁰ C and higher for several months.
Cold profuse perspiration at night is sometimes evidence of a severe form of tuberculosis. Loss of body weight is one of the typical signs of pulmonary tuberculosis. It is caused by tuberculous intoxication, a sharp increase in the metabolic rate and loss of appetite. Loss of body weight is particularly marked in progressive forms of the disease.