Ingliz tili o’zbekiston Respublikasi Sog’liqni saqlash vazirligi tomondan tibbiyot oliy o’quv yurtlari talabalari uchun qo’lanma sifatida tavsiya etilgan. "O’zbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi"

Revision

1. 
   Gaplarni tarjima qiling:
   

1. It was not until 1911 that a first really successful theory of atomic structure was developeg by Rutherford. 2. It is on the large surface of the alveoli that oxygen passes from the air into the blood vessels. 3. It is per minute that the human being breathes in 300-330 ml of oxygen and breathes out 225-250 ml of carbon dioxide. 4. It was not unitil Roentgen discovered X-rays that scientists were able to examine many inner organs.

2. 
   Zamonlar moslashuviga e’tibor bergan holda gaplarning 2- qismini tarjima qiling:
   

1. The scientists depermined that … a) qondagi oqsil miqdori o’rtacha 5-8% ni tashkil qiladi; b) plazma qonning suyuq qismi hisoblanadi. 2. Our professor of Physiology said that … a) kapillarlar 1661-yili bolonyalik tibbiyot professori Marchello Malpigi tomondan kashf etilgan; b) kapillarlar orqali qon oqimini mikroskop yordamida birinchi bo’lib kuzatgan odam gollandiyalik olim Antoniy Van Levenguk bo’lgan. 3. The doctor thought that … (a) temperature kerakli davolanish kursidan keyin pasayadi; b) bu dori og’riqni qoldiradi.

3. 
   Quyidagi gaplarni tarjima qiling:
   

1. Ma’lumki, inson tanasidagi qon bir minutda o’pka orqali o’tib 1/3 litr kislorod yutadi. 2. Nafas chiqarilganda tashqi qovurg’alar orasidagi muskulllar va diafragma muskullari bo’shashadi (to become relaxed). 3. Ma’lumki, tez uyqu yarim soatgacha cho’ziladi. 4. Aniqlanishicha, eritrotsitlar qonning eng ko’p sonli hujayrali elementlari hisoblanadi. 5. Birinchi yurak tovushi qorinchalar yoki klapanlar yuqorisida aniqlanishi kerak. 6. Chuqur nafas olganda (inspiration) 1,5-2 litr havo yutiladi.

4. 
   Tekst D ni tarjima qiling:
   

Text D. The Blood Vessels, Large and Small

The raw materials for the energy that powers man’s every thought and action transported in the blood. The encriched blood is carried in a network of all vessels, capillaries, to each cell. These capillaries are so small that 60 long ones or 120 short ones would stretch only the length of this line of type. There are so many capillaries in the body that, laid end to end, they would ring the equator more than twice.

Blood coming into the capillaries from the arteries has been enriched with oxygen in the lungs or with food from the digestive system. The walls of the capillaries are only one cell thick; so thin that oxygenated blood is able to pass its oxygen and food to the body’s cells and to receive from the cells their waste. The spent blood then flows from the capillaries into the veins, which direct it back to the heart. In the heart the blood enters the arteries and is carried by them to the lungs and digestive system, to be oxygenated and enriched again before reto’rning to the capillaries.
The body’s largest blood vessels, the aorta and the pulmonary artery, are about an inch in diameter. Arteries have thick elastic walls, the pulsations of which assist the heart in pumping. Vein walls are more rigid. Many of them, particularly in the lower part of the body, have valves which prevent a backflow of blood.