Innovative methods for teaching verbs in english grammar

Pretest and Posttest Scores: Based on 68 sets of tests
	Number of Students	Points Possible Per Student	Total Points Possible	Total Pre- test Points	Ave. Points Scored	Ave. % out of 100	Total Post-test Points	Ave. Points Scored	Ave. % out of 100	Total Increase %	Proficiency Increase %
Tense	68	13	884	227	3.34	25.68	665	9.78	75.23	49.55	192.95
Aspect	68	10	680	73	1.07	10.74	463	6.81	68.09	57.35	534.25
Mood	68	10	680	371	5.46	54.56	642	9.44	94.41	39.85	73.05
Total	68	33	2244	671	9.87	29.90	1770	26.03	78.88	48.98	163.79

In addition to the Grammar Pretest and Grammar Posttest, each student was given a separate survey to complete at the end of the course. The survey asked each student for his or her feedback on a number of salient points as follows: 1. Before taking the course IEL2101, I thought my pre-existing knowledge of English grammar was adequate (good enough). 2. The course instruction for IEL2101 adequately covered the areas that were shown in the Grammar Pretest and the Grammar Posttest. 3. I feel that I have been able to complete the Grammar Posttest with more confidence than the Grammar Pretest. 4. The course IEL2101 covered some concepts of English grammar that I had never been exposed to before taking the course. 5. I feel that some or all of the concepts covered in the course IEL2101 could be applied or used in practical ways in other university courses or in occupations after graduation. 6. I have now realized after taking the course IEL2101 that my pre-existing knowledge of English grammar was not adequate before I took the course. 7. Overall, I think that my knowledge of English grammar is more in-depth after taking the course IEL2101. In this end-of-course survey, a Likert scale was used for each item as follows: Number 1 is strongly disagree, 2 is disagree, 3 is not sure, 4 is agree, and 5 is strongly agree (See Appendix B).

Survey Item	Question	Number of Responses	Total Points	Average Score
1	Before taking the course IEL2101, I thought my preexisting knowledge of English grammar was adequate.	68	198	2.9
2	The course instruction for IEL2101 adequately covered the areas that were shown in the Grammar Pretest and the Grammar Posttest.	68	292	4.3
3	I feel that I have been able to complete the Grammar Posttest with more confidence than the Grammar Pretest.	68	266	3.9
4	The course IEL2101 covered some concepts of English grammar that I had never been exposed to before taking the course.	68	279	4.1
5	I feel that some or all of the concepts covered in the course IEL2101 could be applied or used in practical ways in other university courses or in occupations after graduation.	68	250	3.7
6	I have now realized after taking the course IEL2101 that my pre-existing knowledge of English grammar was not adequate before I took the course.	68	259	3.8
7	Overall, I think that my knowledge of English grammar is more in-depth after taking the course IEL2101.	68	275	4.0

6. Population and Sampling

There were a total of 68 participants assessed in the study. They were undergraduate students at a university in Bangkok, Thailand. They were enrolled in a third-year English grammar course of an international program in the academic years of 2019-2020. The course, as previously noted, is titled The Structure of English (IEL2101). There were two batches for the same course. The first course batch totaled 45 participants and the next course batch totaled 23 participants. Each of the two courses totaled 48 hours, and each course was taught by the same instructor using the same textbooks and the same methodology.
The participants assessed were a mixture of Thai and foreign EFL/ESL students from Asia and Europe. The skill levels of the participants ranged from intermediate to low-advanced. The university where the students attend requires a 5.0 IELTS based on the Common European Framework (British Council, 2021), or equivalent to enroll. The numbers of participants who were assessed for all nationalities are as follows: Thai=55, Philippines=3, Korean=2, Chinese=2, Myanmar=2, Italian=2, Indonesian=1, Japanese=1.
There were six L1 native speakers of English enrolled in the courses; however, we omitted the Pretests and the Posttests of these six participants to keep the results as consistent as possible to maintain the focus of the study on L2 (EFL/ESL) learners of English only. There were 43 course lecture/practice hours with two hours for a mid-course examination and three hours for a final examination. The ages of the participants ranged from 19 to 25 years.

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