Interpretation of literary

particularly in an artistic production, is not mere registration of facts. 
Here all forms of reflecting reality are subordinated to the consequently 
choice of the way of its representing with the purpose of creating some 
or other pragmatic effect. 
The main constituents of the communicative-pragmatic situation-
speech agent and speech addressee — determine two aspects in studying 
the pragmatics of a speech production — pragmatic orientation and 
pragmatic reception. 
Scheme formation in any concrete text, calculated for a definite 
impact, is to a great extent determined by its being directed to a certain 
address. Communication directiveness, marks M.M.Bakhtin
1
— is its 
constitutive trait, without which there is no and can't be any utterance. In 
contradistinction to language meaningful units, which are impersonal, 
"nobody's" and not addressed to anybody, an utterance has both the 
author and the addressee. "We use the term "addressee", writes 
N.D.Arutyunova,
2
—underlining conscientious derectiveness of speech 
utterance to some person (concrete of non-concrete) which can be 
characterized, and the author's communicative intention must agree with 
the characteristics ... Any speech act is calculated for a definite model of 
an addressee". 
This addressee can be an immediate participant of the commu-
nicative situation —an interlocutor in an every day life dialogue, an 

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60 
opponent in a scientific dispute etc; he can be a contemporary, an 
antagonist, a supporter, an enemy, a subordinate, a chief, an intimate 
person, a stranger, he can be differentiated by social, professional, age, 
sex etc. traits, by his life, experience, emotional and motivation 
disposition. 
The research of a literary text in the aspect of pragmatic com-
munication makes it possible to reveal multi-layered communicative 
structure in it, which creates a complex system of relations between the 
writer and reader, the relations mediated, as a rule, by a personage: 
addresser-writer (addressee-personage) addressee-reader. 
In the sphere of literary communication it is possible to distinguish 
the following types of addressee: mass reader, interpreter-researcher, 
wielding the technique of linguostylistic analysis, and finally, a 
personage of a literary work. 
Role relations between the participants of literary communication 
are notable for their rather specific character and, first of all, depend on 
the conditions of the communicative act. 
Although the reading of a literary work is, with good reasons, 
likened to a dialogue between the author and a reader, we can't speak 
about their role relations as equal participants of communication. 
Analysis of role relations, in which the personages of a literary work 
find themselves, when performing the roles of a concrete addresser and 
addressee, can give more concrete material in this aspect. In this case we 
can practically take into account the factors of a real communicative-
pragmatic situation in their verbally fixed form. Interesting observations 
about the influence of social status of a speech agent on the speech 
conduct of an addressee have been made by Bolinger: 
When an American hears an Englishman say .They do you a very 
adequate hearing—aid the National Health, and finally manages an 
interpretation, "You can get a pretty good hearing aid from the National 
Health Service", he is puzzled at first, but respectful. These people have 
a strange way of turning a phrase, he thinks, hut once you get the hang 
of it, it's OK. When the same American hears a Hawaiian say This kind