Interpretation of literary

MODALITY OF THE TEXT 
It implies the author's attitude to his personages and the described 
reality. It can be explicit when the author describes the events and 
characters himself or hidden when he entrusts his role to one of the 
personages, an on-looker, or an eye-witness. 

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Modality can be expressed directly or indirecty. In the first case the 
author himself shows his attitude to the personage through his evaluating 
epithets (e.g. Jack was a brave man and a true friend). In the second case 
it is the reader who draws conclusions, about the personage's positive 
and negative traits through the description of his actions by the author. 
IMPLICITNESS OF THE TEXT 
Language has two levels of expressing thoughts: explicit and 
implicit. The explicit is a superficial, obvious line of expressing a 
thought, the implicit is a concealed, secondary line. 
Implicitness of the text is a concept of structural-semantic cha-
racter, the implicit level has its own structural unit —an implicate. 
Among the most wide-spread types of implicates in belles-lettres text we 
distinguish the following: 
a) an implicit title. It expresses in a concentrated form the main 
idea or theme of a literary production and requires for its realization 
the macrocontext of the whole work. 
b) implication of precedence. It denotes such compositional 
structure of a literary text which gives the reader an impression that he 
is a witness of some continued story and the preceding events, facts 
and personages are supposed to be familiar. Implication of precedence is 
realized with the help of such implicates as the initial definite article 
opening the text, initial usage of personal and demonstrative pronouns 
and other synsemantic elements, producing the impression of "beginning 
from the middle", increasing the dynamism of narration and deep-hidden 
tension. 
c) an implicit detail. This term unites a multitude of implicates, 
which mark the external characteristics of a phenomenon, in-intimating 
its deep—lying meaning.