Is a founding member of the

Fossil fuels[edit]
Gas[edit]
This section is an excerpt from Gas in Turkey.[edit]

The Kanuni has drilled in the Black Sea.^[188]
Fossil gas supplies over a quarter of Turkey's energy.^[189][190] The country consumes 50 to 60 billion cubic metres of this natural gas each year,^[191][192] nearly all of which is imported. A large gas field in the Black Sea is however forecast to start production in 2023.^[193]
After the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine several European countries stopped buying Russian oil or gas, but Turkey's relations with Russia are good enough that it continues to buy both.^[194][195] Turkey receives almost half of its gas from Russia.^[192] As of 2023 wholesale gas is expensive and a large part of the import bill.
Households buy the most gas, followed by industry and power stations.^[196] Over 80% of the population has access to gas,^[197] and it supplies half the country's heating requirements.^[191] As the state owned oil and gas wholesaler BOTAŞ has 80% of the gas market,^[189]: 16 the government can and does subsidize residential and industrial gas consumers.^[198] All industrial and commercial customers, and households using more than a certain amount of gas, can switch suppliers.^[189]
Oil[edit]
Turkey is an oil producer, but the level of production by the state-owned TPAO is not nearly enough to make the country self-sufficient, which makes Turkey a net importer of oil.^[199] The Energy Market Regulatory Authority sets a ceiling on gasoline and diesel prices.^[200]
The pipeline network in Turkey included 1,738 kilometres (1,080 mi) for crude oil and 2,321 kilometres (1,442 mi) for petroleum products in 1999. The Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan pipeline, the second-longest oil pipeline in the world, was inaugurated on 10 May 2005. The pipeline delivers crude oil from the Caspian Sea basin to the port of Ceyhan on Turkey's Mediterranean coast, from where it is distributed with oil tankers to the world's markets.^{[citation needed]}
Coal[edit]
This section is an excerpt from Coal in Turkey.[edit]

Government-owned Turkish Coal Operations Authority mine in Yeniköy, Milas
Coal supplies over a quarter of Turkey's primary energy.^[201] The heavily subsidised coal industry generates over a third of the country's electricity^[202] and emits a third of Turkey's greenhouse gases.
Coal is a major contributor to air pollution, and damages health across the nation, being burnt even in homes and cities.^[203] It is estimated that a phase out of coal power in Turkey by 2030 instead of by the 2050s would save over 100 thousand lives.^[204] Flue gas emission limits are in place, but data from mandatory reporting is not made public.
Most coal mined in Turkey is lignite (brown coal), which is more polluting than other types of coal.^[205] Turkey's energy policy encourages mining lignite for coal-fired power stations in order to reduce gas imports;^[202] and coal supplies over 40% of domestic energy production.^[206] Mining peaked in 2018, at over 100 million tonnes,^[207] declined considerably in 2019,^[208] but increased again in 2022.^[209] Most coal is imported,^[210][211] as in contrast to local lignite production, Turkey imports almost all of the bituminous coal it uses. Coal consumption probably peaked in 2022.^[209] The largest coalfield in Turkey is Elbistan.^[212]