Islam, its main currents and trends Cloud

Sects in the direction of Shiism.
There are mainly five sects in the Shiite direction, and they include the following: Ismaili, Karomati, Ravofizi, Zaidi, Jafari sects.
The Ismaili sect of the Shia branch was formed in the middle of the 8th century and spread widely in the Near and Middle East in the 10th-11th centuries. The emergence of this sect is related to class conflicts in the Arab caliphate, as well as the struggle between feudal groups and the intensification of popular uprisings. A group of Shias who are in favor of continuing the struggle against the Abbasids gather around Ismail 6, the eldest son of Imam Ja'far Sadiq. By the end of the 9th century, the Ismaili movement was established as an independent sect. First of all, his teaching is divided into two - outward (open) and inner (secret) directions. During the Middle Ages, among the Ismailis, Nazari (Hashshoshi),
The Musta'li, Druze, and Kirmitian sects have separated, and currently the Nizari sect is in Syria, Iran, Pakistan, northern Afghanistan, the Musta'li sect is in the Pamirs, Yemen, India, Pakistan, Egypt, and the Druze sect is preserved in Syria and Lebanon.
Karamati Sect. The Qaramatis are one of the main branches of the Ismailis of the Shia sect, which arose in Iraq at the end of the 9th century and spread to Syria and Yemen. During the reign of their leader, Abu Tahir Suleiman (914-943), the son of Hamdash ibn Ash'as, the Karamatians invaded Mecca during the Hajj in 930, looted the city, killed several thousand pilgrims and Mecca residents, and captured them. They destroyed the Kaaba, split the black stone in two and took it to Bahrain. Only after 20 years, it was returned to Makkah for a large fee.
Zaydi sect. Zayd ibn Ali Zayn al-Abidin (698-740), the founder of the Zaydiya sect, was born in Medina. Imam Zayd studied under his father. After his father's death, he learned religious sciences from his brother Muhammad Baqir. He also learned hadith and jurisprudence from his peer Ja'far al-Sadiq. Zayd ibn Ali went to Basra in the pursuit of knowledge and learned the basics of the beliefs of the Mu'tazilites, Qadariyya, Jahmiyyah and other sects. At that time, there were many sects in Basra and Kufa that were influenced by Christian and Persian philosophy. Here, after mastering the knowledge of Aqeedah from Wasil ibn Ato (the founder of the Mu'tazila school of theology), he chose the path of the Mu'tazilis for himself.
Later, Zayd ibn Ali chose a middle path in the matter of Imamate . According to him, the Imamate is not appointed by one person and he does not bequeath the Imamate to his descendants, but a courageous, mujtahid, truth teller from the progeny of Fatima is chosen.
According to the Zaidi belief :
 it is permissible to pledge allegiance to two imams in two countries at the same time;
 imams are not innocent, taqiyyah (keeping faith secret when the conditions are difficult) is forbidden;
 it is impossible to say inappropriate words about the Companions;
 Abu Bakr, Umar and Uthman also deserved the caliphate.
This belief was caused by the political position of Zayd ibn Ali. He started a war against the Umayyads and was elected caliph in Kufa. In his opinion, the caliphate is not only for certain people (for example, Imam Muhammad al-Baqir), but for every scholar, pious, courageous, capable of war, from the descendants of the two sons of Fatima, al-Hasan and al-Husayn. it can go to someone who can oppose the king and he can be elected caliph.
The ideas expressed by Imam Zayd ibn Ali in his book "al-Majmu'" form the basis of Zaydi jurisprudence. Like other jurists of the Madhhab, he considers the Qur'an first, followed by the Sunnah, Ijma', Qiyas, Istihsan, and then reason as the foundations of Sharia.
The distinctive aspects of Zaydi jurisprudence are as follows:
 Eating meat of animals slaughtered by Ahl al-Kitab (representatives of other religions who have the heavenly book: Jews, Christians, Sabians), but it is haram to engage in idolatry with them;
 It is not permissible to mash on mahsi (shoes).
The main sources belonging to the Zaydiya sect are the work "al-Majmu'" by Zayd ibn Ali and the book "ar-Rawd an-nadir" by Sharafaddin al-Husayn ibn Ahmad, written as a commentary on it. Zaydis founded the states of Idrisi (789-926) in North Africa, Zaydis (863-928) in Tabaristan, and Yemen (901-1962).
Representatives of the Zaydia sect currently live in the Arab Republic of Yemen, Saudi Arabia, and Pakistan. This faction is divided into several smaller factions. Among them, it is possible to mention Jorudiya, Sulaimaniya, Butriya (Salihiya), Kasimiya, Nasiriya, Hoduwiya.
It is a sect that arose in Shiism in the middle of the 8th century and was named after Zayd ibn Ali, the brother of the 5th Imam of Shiism, Muhammad Bakir. They consider Zayd as the 5th imam and do not recognize Shia imams after him. The Zaydis stand between the Shiites and the Sunnis in terms of their beliefs and rituals, and are intolerant towards both sects. The Sunnis differ from the Shiites in that they do not believe in the hidden Imam Mahdi , do not curse the 3 caliphs before Ali (Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman), deny the view of Muta, and deny the worship of saints and shrines, as well as dervishism and asceticism. More than half of Yemen's population It is organized by the members of the Zaydi sect. They are also represented in Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and other countries.