Jizzakh state pedagogical institute named after abdulla kadiri foreign languages faculty

Types of data processing
Types of data processing are understood on the basis of technology adopted. Normally, there are three types of data processing: Manual, mechanical and electronic
1. Manual Data processing
In this type of data processing, data is processed manually and no electronic or machine is used. The type is less reliable, slow and chances of errors are high. Depending on the data that need to be processed, this type of data processing is also expensive and needs large manpower.
2. Mechanical data processing
Here data processing is carried out by use of a mechanical device or simple electronic devices such as type writers and calculator. Compared to manual data processing, this type is more reliable and saves time. However, the output is still limited.
3. Electronic data processing
This is the best and fastest available type with highest accuracy and reliability. This type requires minimal manpower because it uses a computer. This is the best existing type of data processing because the user can process a very large amount of data within second or minutes.
Data Processing Methods
Data processing methods refer to techniques used to sort or process different types of data. Generally, there are five methods of data processing: batch processing, online Processing, time sharing, multiprocessing and real-time processing.
1. Batch processing
The main characteristic of this method of data processing is that different jobs of diverse users are processed in the order they are received. The method involves processing of a large amount of data, thus reducing the cost of processing. Examples include payroll, examination, and billing system.
2. Real time processing
This method is used to carry out real-time processing. The results are shown instantly. The method requires use of internet connection and all data is kept online. Example includes tickets booking for flights, banking systems, and movie tickets.
3. Online processing
Also known as an automatic process method, this method ensures that the task received by the system is processed when received. This is sometimes considered as real-time processing.
4. Multi-processing
Multi-processing type uses CPUs to process data. The tasks are divided between various CPUs simultaneously thus increasing efficiency. Task that needs to be done is sent to various CPUs operating parallel within the mainframe. Examples include data processing using mobile, laptops and computers.
5. Time sharing
Here one CPU is used by many users. All users share one CPU but time allocated to users might differ. As per allocated time, the processing takes place at various intervals for various users.

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