Курсовая работа научный консультант: Кафедра узбекского языка Гульбахор Искандерова

Scientific style: lexical features In professional speech, the main form of thinking and expression is the concept. That is why the lexical unit of this style denotes some abstract object or phenomenon. Unambiguously and exactly such specialized concepts allow to reveal the terms. Without these words or phrases denoting this or that action in a narrow field of activity, it is impossible to imagine the modern scientific style. Examples of such terms are numerical methods, zenith, atrophy, range, radar, phase, prism, temperature, symptom, laser, and many others.Within the lexical system, these expressions are always unambiguous. They do not require expression and are not considered stylistically neutral. Terms are usually called the conditional language of the scientific field of activity. Many of them came into the Russian lexicon from English or Latin.

Today, the term is considered a separate conceptual unit of communication between people. Such lexical features of the scientific style quantitatively prevail in specialized reports and works over other types of expressions. According to statistics, terminology makes up about 20% of the entire text. In scientific speech, it embodies uniformity and specificity. The definition of terms is given by a definition, that is, a brief description of a phenomenon or object. Every concept in scientific language can be identified. The terms have a number of specific features. In addition to unambiguity and accuracy, this is simplicity, consistency and stylistic certainty. Also, one of the main requirements for terms is modernity (relevance), so that they are not obsolete. As you know, in science it is customary to replace some concepts with newer and more capacious ones. In addition, the terms should be as close as possible to the international language. For example: hypothesis, technology, communication and others. It is worth noting that today most of the terms have generally accepted international word-building elements (bio, extra, anti, neo, mini, marco, and others). In total, narrow-profile concepts are general and interscientific. The first group includes such terms as analysis, problem, thesis, process, etc., the second - economics, labor, cost. The most difficult to understand are highly specialized concepts. The terms of this lexical group are typical only for a certain area of ​​science.
Concepts in professional speech are used only in one specific meaning. In the event that the term is ambiguous, it should be accompanied by a defining word that clarifies its focus. Of the concepts that need specifics, the following can be distinguished: body, force, movement, size. Generalization in the scientific style is often achieved by using a large number of abstract lexical items. In addition, the professional language has its own specific characteristic phraseology. It includes such phrases as “solar plexus”, “participle turnover”, “inclined plane”, “represents”, “is used for”, etc. Scientific style: linguistic features The language of a narrow-profile sphere of communication is characterized by its own morphological features. The generalization and abstractness of speech are manifested in separate grammatical units, which are found when choosing forms and categories of presentation. The linguistic features of the scientific style are characterized by the frequency of repetition in the text, that is, the quantitative degree of load. The unspoken law of economy of lexical means forces the use of short variations of phrases. One of such ways to reduce the language load is to change the forms of nouns from feminine to masculine (for example: key - keys). A similar situation is with the plural, which is replaced by the singular. Example: June only. In this case, we mean not one specific tree, but the whole plant family. Real nouns can sometimes be used in the plural: great depths, noise in a radio station, etc.
Concepts in scientific speech significantly prevail over the names of actions. This was done artificially to reduce the use of verbs in the text. Most often, these parts of speech are replaced by nouns. In the scientific style, the use of verbs leads to the loss of lexical meaning, translating the presentation into an abstract form. Therefore, these parts of speech in reports are used only to connect words: to be, to become, to be, to be called, to be made, to be concluded, to have, to be considered, to be determined, etc. On the other hand, in the scientific language there is a separate group of verbs that act as elements of nominal combinations. In this case, they convey linguistic meaning to the presentation. Examples: lead to death, make calculations. Often in the scientific style of communication verbs of abstract semantics are used: to have, to exist, to continue, to occur, and others. The use of grammatically weakened forms is also allowed: distillation is performed, a conclusion is drawn, etc. Another linguistic feature of the style is the use of a timeless part of speech with a qualitative meaning. This is done to indicate the signs and properties of the phenomena or objects under study. It is worth noting that verbs in the past timeless meaning can only include a scientific text (examples of texts: reports of experiments, research reports).
In a professional language, nominal predicates in 80% of cases are used in an imperfect form so that the presentation is more generalized. Some verbs of this form are used in the future tense in stable phrases. For example: consider, prove, etc.
As for personal pronouns, they are used in the scientific style in accordance with the nature of the abstract text. On rare occasions, forms such as "we" and "you" are used as they concretize the narrative and appeal. In professional language, 3rd person pronouns are widespread.