L economic development of Europe in the XVIII century. Lecture The development of industry
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L.6. Economic development of Europe in the XVIII century.
Shifts in social structure.
Shifts in social structure. Economic changes have caused significant changes in the social structure of European society. The bourgeoisie was heterogeneous in all European countries, but the degree of this heterogeneity was different. Privileged tops consisted of merchants-shareholders, financiers, tax collectors. The specific weight and political influence of this stratum were different in different countries. In the early bourgeois states, representatives of this stratum were actually in power, even if the highest posts in the state apparatus were occupied by representatives of the aristocracy of the nobility. So it was in England and in France. The positions of this stratum were weak in economically less developed states of Central and Northern Europe. Manufacturingists have become a new stratum in the bourgeoisie, the development of manufactory has led to an increase in the number of the manufacturing proletariat. The general economic upturn led to demographic growth. The population of Europe has increased from about 118 million people. in 1700 to 140 million in 1750 and to 187 million in 1800. The population of England grew most rapidly, over the century it doubled from 6 to 11 million. In France, the population increased from 16 million in 1715. to 26 million in 1789. Last quarter of the XVIII century. on a worldwide historical scale, it became the time of the collapse of feudalism, the beginning of the era of bourgeois revolutions. * * * In the social and political life of Europe in the eighteenth century. the Enlightenment, the entry of absolutism into a descending phase and the strengthening of parliamentarism became defining phenomena and events. The great French bourgeois revolution was a clear evidence of the emerging social crisis, the main cause of which was widespread dissatisfaction of all segments of the population with the dominant feudal absolutist system and its incompatibility with the tasks of the country's economic, social and political development. In the development of productive forces from European countries, England was in the lead, which was ahead of other countries not only in terms of the social revolution, but also in the industrial one — the 18 th century. was the beginning of the industrial revolution, and England - his birthplace. Download 121.6 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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