L. T. Kilevaya Doctor of Philological Sciences, Docent

Lecture 4. Types of Word-building: Shortenings, Conversion.

1. 
   Define the types and cases of Conversion. Explain the meaning of the words.
   

To eye, a find, to slim, to airmail, to toy, to nose, handed, to dog, maker, runner, to pale, to weekend, to cool, to slice, the poor, to dry, to nurse, to lunch, to bottle, to face, to rat, to monkey, to rough, cut, walk, move, to dress6 viewer, the blind.

2. 
   Analyze the following abbreviations. Define the types of abbreviations.
   

CD-ROM, aggro /aggression/, AIDS /acquired immunity deficiency syndrome/, Ala /Alabama/, a.s.a.p. /as soon as possible/, IT /information technology/, BC /birth certificate/, burger /hamburger/, CALL /computer- assisted language learning/, PA /personal assistant/, PS /postscript/, mg
/milligram/, UN /United Nations/, PIN /Personal Identification Number/, expo /exposition/, el-hi /elementary and high schools/, fax /facsimile/, G-7
/group of seven: GB, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, Italy, Spain/.

3. 
   Give the full form of the following abbreviations.
   

NATO, UNO, BC, MP, NASA, UEFA, IQ, PIN, FIFA, VIP, UCAS, UFO, CD-ROM, IT.

4. 
   Classify the following abbreviations into four groups: Apharesis, Apocope, Syncope, Both Initial and Final shortenings.
   

Tec – detective, vac – vacuum, bus – omnibus, hols – holidays, com – computer, fan – fanatic, maths – mathematics, plane – aeroplane, fridge – refrigerator, phone – interphone, net – internet, flu – influenza, fend – defend, ad, advert – advertisement, chute –parachute.


Lecture 5. Non-Productive Ways of Word-Formation.

1. 
   Define the types of non-productive ways of word-building:
   

edutainment, full– fill, to butle (butler), riff-raff, to af`fix -`affix, cuckoo, life – to live, to cobble – cobbler, to con`flict – `conflict, walkie-talkie, chi-
chi, `contest-con`test, agreement, bark, bus (omnibus), to beg (beggar), brunch, ping-pong, buzz, slanguist, poor – the poor, miaow, tip-top, emote (emotion), slanguist, to clothe-cloth.

2. 
   Write which words have combined to form the following terms:
   

Oxbridge, interpol, emoticon, netiquette, netizen, technophobe, motel, heliport, slanguage, medicare, slimnastics, sci-fi, informecial.

3. 
   Give the complete classification of the following words:
   

rewrite, brunch, music-lover, CD-ROM, baby-sitter, blackberry, US, strong-strength, TV-program, export – to export, a toy – to toy, to do – doer, netizen, telecast (television broadcast), computer – to compute, ping-pong, Ph.D., firmly, internet- net, Str. – street, smog, marriage, cuckoo, sunflower-seed, V-day, action, blockbuster, draughtsman.

4. 
   Group the words formed by sound-interchange into: 1) those formed by vowel-interchange, 2) those formed by consonant-interchange, 3) those formed by combining both means, i.e. vowel- and consonant-interchange.
   

Long (adj) – length (n), speak (v) – speech (n), wreathe (v) – wreath (n), bake (v) – batch (n), strike (v) – stroke (n), house (n) – house (v),
breathe (v) – breath (n), believe (v) – belief (n), full (adj) – fill (v), lose (v) –
loss (n), prove (v) – proof (n), knot ( n) – knit (v), glaze (v) – glass (n),
shelve (v) – shelf (n), wake (v) – watch (n), sing (v) – song (n), clothe (v) –
cloth (n), bite (v) – bit (n), halve (v) – half (n), abide (v) – abode (n), serve

5. 
   – serf (n), deep (adj) – depth (n), bathe (v) – bath (n), ride (v) – road (n).
   

Lecture 6. Etymology of English Words. Borrowings.

1. 
   Subdivide the following words into: Native English origin, Latin origin, Scandinavian origin, French origin, Spanish origin, Italian origin, Greek origin, German Origin.
   

1. 
   Cherry, pear, plum, beet, pepper
   
2. 
   Pupil, lesson, library, science, pencil.
   
3. 
   Father, mother, brother, son
   
4. 
   Libretto, violin, opera, operetta, alarm.
   
5. 
   Hurricane, tomato, tobacco, chocolate.
   
6. 
   Waltz yacht, dog, landscape.
   
7. 
   Take, cast, die, law sky, skill, ski.
   
8. 
   Anemia, criterion, hormone.
   

2. Divide the following words of native origin into: Anglo-Saxon, Indo-European, Germanic languages:
Goose, glad, must, under, head, bone, drink, night, woman, sun, moon, can, will, green, white, see, thick, father, brother, finger, rain, grass, they, four, but, good, oak, room, land, should, heart, whose, fir, tree.


Lecture 7. Semasiology. Semantic Structure of English words.

1. 
   Explain the different meanings and different usages, giving Russian equivalents of:
   

Smart, adj.
Smart clothes, a smart answer, a smart house, a smart garden, a smart officer, a smart blow, a smart punishment.
Stubborn, adj.
A stubborn child, a stubborn look, a stubborn horse, a stubborn resistance, a stubborn fighting, a stubborn cough, a stubborn depression.
Blank, adj.
Blank wall, blank verse, blank sheet, blank form, blank years, blank face, blank look.
Root, n.
The root of the tooth, the root of the matter, square root, cube root, family roots.
Perform, v.
To perform one’s duty, to perform an operation, to perform a dance, to perform a play.

2. 
   Arrange the compounds into two groups: a) idiomatic, b) non- idiomatic. Say whether the semantic change within idiomatic compounds is partial or total.
   

Light-hearted, butterfly, flower-pot, backache, water-melon, cabman, blackberry, bluebell, wolf-dog, highway, horse-marine, greengrocer, lazy- bones, blacklist, butter-finger, earth-quake, lady-killer, seaman, sun-flower, ladybird, bluecoat, money-box, flower-bed, sunflower-seed, air-kiss, culture-vulture.


Lecture 8. Types of Semantic Relations. Synonyms.

1. 
   Point out the synonymic dominant of each group and explain the connotative meanings of the following synonyms:
   

journey – voyage – trip – tour – cruise – travel – hitch-hiking; road – path – way – track – highway;
disease – illness – malady – ailment;
to be anxious – to worry – to trouble – to bother.

2. 
   Give several types of synonyms to the following words. Explain their meanings.
   

to walk, to discuss, to love, angry, famous, pretty, snack, alone, vacant, various.


Lecture 9. Antonyms.

1. 
   Find the antonyms for the words given below: deep, narrow, clever, to reject, strong, bright, sad, to open, big, young.
   
2. 
   Choose the correct prefixes (il-, in-, im-, ir-, un-, mis-, dis-) to the following words:
   

personal, name, print, manage, legal, human, experienced, important, prove, patient, perfect, liberal, correct, moral, accurate, obedient, pleased, skilled, relevant, stable, regular, reasonable, expensive, capable, honour, lock, ability.