Language Typology and Syntactic Description, Volume I: Clause Structure, Second edition
Languages with flexible word order
Download 1.59 Mb. Pdf ko'rish
|
Lgg Typology, Synt Description v. I - Clause structure
11
Languages with flexible word order In section 2, we discussed the problem of identifying a basic order for elements in languages in which more than one order is possible. It is sometimes mistak- enly thought that word order typology is not relevant to languages with flexible word order. We have discussed one reason why this view is mistaken, namely that often, despite the flexibility, arguments can be given for treating one order as basic by one or more of the criteria. But there are additional reasons why word order typology is relevant to such languages. First, in many languages in which word order is flexible for some elements, it is less flexible for others. For example, in Tiwi, a language of northern Australia (Osborne (1974)), the order of elements at the clause level is quite flexible, but within the noun phrase, the order of modifiers with respect to the noun is fairly rigid. Second, languages with highly flexible word order are themselves a linguistic type. There are many questions, largely still unanswered, about what general- izations can be made about such languages. It appears to be the case that word order flexibility is more common at the clause level than at the phrase level, so that we can say that if a language has flexible word order at the phrase level, then it will have flexible order at the clause level. There is also some reason 114 Matthew S. Dryer to believe that there is some correlation between polysynthesis and word order flexibility, but the exact nature of this correlation remains to be investigated. And it may be the case that languages with highly flexible word order tend more often to exhibit word order characteristics associated with OV languages rather than those associated with VO languages. Third, a largely unexplored area of word order typology is what subtypes may exist among languages with flexible word order. To what extent is word order in such languages determined by pragmatic principles? And what factors other than pragmatic principles determine word order in such languages? And in so far as word order is determined by pragmatic principles, to what extent do the pragmatic principles vary among such languages, to what extent can we identify a further typology of the ways in which pragmatic principles determine word order? Perhaps the most important observation to be made is that in describing a language with flexible word order, one should identify minimally just where the word order is flexible and where it is not, if possible what orders are more common, and ideally what factors govern the choice between alternative word orders. The latter task is usually very difficult, and there is considerable termi- nological confusion and vagueness in the literature discussing notions that may be relevant in different languages. Download 1.59 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
Ma'lumotlar bazasi mualliflik huquqi bilan himoyalangan ©fayllar.org 2024
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling