Learner Variables

sources of motivation (Harmer, 2001, 51-52):

• sources of motivation (Harmer, 2001, 51-52):
• the society we live in (the Czech environment – English – integral part of the curriculum;
• the present status of English in the society – positive cultural images associated with English);
• significant others (namely parents);
• the teacher;
• the method;

Advice: set clear long-term and short term goals for your pupils and try to apply the following chart in you classes;

• Advice: set clear long-term and short term goals for your pupils and try to apply the following chart in you classes;

Ten Commandments for Motivating Language Learners (Z. Dörnyei, 1998):

• Set a personal example with your own behaviour
• Create a pleasant, relaxed atmosphere in the classroom
• Present the tasks properly
• Develop a good relationship with the learners
• Increase the learners´ linguistic self-confidence
• Make the language class interesting
• Promote learner autonomy
• Personalize the learning process
• Increase the learners´ goal orientedness
• Familiarize learners with the target culture

Resources:

• Resources:
• Carroll, J.B. 1965. The prediction of success in foreign language training in R.Glaser (ed), Training, Research and Education. New York: Wiley.
• Council of Europe. Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, Teaching, assessment (2001). Cambridge: CUP.
• Detterman, D.K., (2002). Determinants of intelligence: Heritability of intelligence. In A. E. Kazdin, (Ed.). Encyclopedia of psychology Vol. 2 (486-490). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
• Dörnyei, Z. and Skehan, P. 2003. Individual differences in L2 learning. In C. Doughty and M. Longs (Eds) The Handbook of Second Language Acquisition, Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.
• Harmer, J. (2002). The Practice of English Language Teaching. Harlow: Longman.
• Scrivener, J. (2005). Learning Teaching. Oxford: Macmillan.
• Sternberg, R.J. and Kaufman, J.C. (Eds.). 2002. The evolution of intelligence. Mahwah, N. J.: L. Erlbaum Associates.