- Halle & Stevens (1967) and later Chomsky & Halle (1968) explained the VLE as follows: (2) Vowels are lengthened in front of voiced consonants to allow time for laryngeal adjustments needed to maintain glottal vibration during oral constriction or closure. (Obstruent production is assumed to reduce the transglottal pressure drop and thus impede spontaneous glottal vibration. Nonspontaneous glottal vibration is assumed to occur only if the glottis remains partly open during the entire vibratory cycle, and this can be achieved only by a precise and time-consuming adjustment of vocal-fold position.)
- When the importance of the phoneme became widely accepted, in the 1930's and 40's, many attempts were made to develop scientific ways of establishing the phonemes of a language and listing each phoneme╆s allophones; this was known as phonemics. Nowadays, little importance is given to this type of analysis, and it is considered a minor branch of phonology, except for the practical purpose of devising writing systems for previously unwritten languages.
Allophonic Variations of English Consonant Phonemes - A phoneme is a basic unit of a language's phonology, which is combined with other phonemes to form meaningful units such as words or morphemes. The phoneme can be described as “the smallest distinctive or contrastive linguistic unit in the sound system of a language which may bring about a change of meaning". It is important to remember that phonemes are abstract, idealised sounds that are never pronounced and never heard. Actual, concrete speech sounds can be regarded as the realisation of phonemes by individual speakers, and are referred to as phones [from Greek phone, 'voice']. The phone, then, is a concept used in phonetics.
Allophonic Variations of English Consonant Phonemes - In phonology, an allophone (/ˈæləfəʊn/; from the Greek: ἄぴぴος, állos, ╅other╆ and φωぷή, phōnē, ╅voice, sound╆) is one of a set of multiple possible spoken sounds (or phones) used to pronounce a single phoneme. For example, [pʰ] (as in pin) and [p] (as in spin) are allophones for the phoneme /p/ in the English language. Although a phoneme's allophones are all alternative pronunciations for a phoneme, the specific allophone selected in a given situation is often predictable. Changing the allophone used by native speakers for a given phoneme in a specific context usually will not change the meaning of a word but the result may sound non-native or unintelligible.
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