Lecture Bibliography cards, note-cards and note taking. Avoiding plagiarism and referencing. Plan

Footnotes




Endnotes

End-of-Paper Citations
End-of-paper citations, as well as footnotes and endnotes, include full details about a source of information. Citations contain different pieces of identifying information about your source depending on what type of source it is. In academic research, your sources will most commonly be articles from scholarly journals, and the citation for an article typically includes: 

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  author(s)
  
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  article title
  
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  publication information (journal title, date, volume, issue, pages, etc.)
  
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  and, for online sources:
  
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    DOI (digital object identifier).
    
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    URL of the information source itself
    
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    URL of the journal that published the article
    

There are many other types of sources you might use, including books, book chapters, films, song lyrics, musical scores, interviews, e-mails, blog entries, art works, lectures, websites and more. To determine which details are required for a citation for a particular source type, find that source type within the style guide for the citation style you are using.

At the end of your research paper, full citations should be listed in order according to the citation style you are using:

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  In MLA style, this list is called a Works Cited page.
  
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  In APA style, it is called a References page.
  
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  In CSE style, it is called a Cited References page.
  
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  And, in Chicago style, there may be both a Notes page and a Bibliography page. 
  

MLA




APA




CSE




Chicago



Citations In Library Databases
When you search the library's databases for articles or e-books, the list of search results you see is actually a list of full citations. Instead of being formatted according to MLA, APA, CSE, or Chicago style, these citations are formatted according to the database vendor's style.

It is up to you to take the source information you find in a library database (or elsewhere) and format it according to the citation style you are using.