Margaret Drabble describes the complex lives of educated middle-class people in London in ‘The Middle Ground’. Margaret Drabble wrote about ‘Two Nations’ of an England cleft by regional gulfs and gross inequalities between rich and poor ( her work ‘The Radiant Way’).
Numerous feminist novelists took to Gothic, fairy tales, and fantasy as countereffects to rationality and logic narrative. The most gifted exponent of this kind of writing, which sought immediate access to the realm of the subconscious, was Angela Carter, whose exotic imagination unrolled most eerily and resplendently in her short-story collection ‘The Bloody Chamber and Other Stories’. Jeanette Winterson also wrote in this vein. Having established herself earlier in a realistic mode, Doris Lessing published a sequence of science fiction novels about issues of gender and colonialism.
Contemporary Irish novelists
Two significant contemporary Irish novelists are John Banville and Colm Toibin. John Banville writes detective novels (under the pseudonym of Benjamin Black); he has won numerous awards: ‘The Sea’ won the Booker Prize in 2005, he was awarded the Franz Kafka Prize in 2011. Colm Toibin is a novelist, essayist, playwright, journalist, and, most recently, poet.
Poetry
Poetry, like fiction, shifted from traditional forms and moral pronouncements to experimental verse and new techniques. The leader of the new school was Thomas Sterns Eliot.
The group of young poets, ‘yea-sayers’ poets, viewed the world with clearer eyes. They had hope but little optimism. Each of them experimented with rhyme, rhythm, imagery, language, symbolism, and allusion. The result was an uneven poetry that represented the unevenness of life. The representatives are: Stephen Spender, Cecil Day-Lewis, Louis MacNeice, Wystan Hugh Auden.
Another group of poets, the stream-of-consciousness poets, sought to escape from the world of ideas and problems. William Empson, Dylan Thomas found their inner chaos best expressed in ambiguity and they represented the world through the confused, the irrelevant, and the inexact. Theirs was a literature filled with vivid imagery. Robert Graves advocated ‘pure’ impersonal poetry.
Another literary movement in 1960s and 1970s was The British Poetry Revival movement – a wide-reaching collection of groupings that embraces performance, sound and concrete poetry. Leading poets associated with this movement include Jeremy Halvard Prynne, Eric Mottram, Denise Riley, Lee Harwood.
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