Lecture Introduction. Fiction. System of literature. Plans

Developmental Objective: To develop students' listening comprehension, reading, writing, and speaking skills in English in a variety of ways, and to increase their interest in the language they are learning.
Objectives: By the end of this lesson students will be able to:
- learn information about new topic;
- use a biographical method in analyzing any work
Keywords:Biography, personality of the writer, biographical author, author - subject of consciousness, conceptual author, personality of the writer, psychology, literary portrait
The biographical method is one of the first scientific methods of studying literature, developed in the era of romanticism by the French critic, poet and writer Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve. his work as a literary critic is associated with the development of romanticism in France, in particular with the editorial staff of the Globe newspaper, which has been published since 1824. In the biographical method, the biography and personality of the writer are considered as defining moments of creativity1. In the "literature" system, they are focused on the "author - work" relationship, in which the "author" is, first of all, a living, concrete person. “Literature, literary creation,” SentBeuve admits, “are inseparable for me from everything else in man, from his nature; I can enjoy this or that work, but it is difficult for me to judge it apart from my knowledge of the person himself; I would say this: "What is a tree, so are the fruits" (italics - CHO Saint-Beuve.) That is why the study of literature in a completely natural way leads me to the study of psychology "1. The study of the psychology of Saint Beuve begins, if possible, with an acquaintance with a living person. So, in May 1839, returning by sea from Italy to France, Saint-Beuve met N.V. Gogol. Later he wrote that a conversation with Gogol, "full of strength, distinguished by the accuracy and richness of observations on the morals and facts of real life," helped him "to grasp on the fly all the originality and realism of his writings and call the story" TarasBulba "a Russian epic, and Gogol - a great realist. From the vivid impression in which Sainte-Beuve captured the nature of the writer's observations of life, the critic proceeds to determine the method of his writing. Obviously, not everyone happens to talk to the author about whom he is writing a study. In this case, according to SaintBeuve, he should turn to archival materials, to documents, letters, eyewitnesses to the author's life, to his biography. In this endless sea of ​​bygone times and events of a completed human life, Sainte-Beuve sets up its strongholds. Sainte-Beuve was repeatedly reproached for subjectivity and lack of a scientific system. Indeed, he did not compose a complete exposition of it, did not write treatises on how a fact of life becomes a fact of literature.
Charles Augustin Saint-Beuve (Sainte-Beuve, 1804-1869) - French critic, poet, writer. He gained fame after the publication of the poetry collection "Life, Poems and Thoughts of Joseph Delorma" (1829), in which the romantic approach manifests itself in close attention to the mental life of a person. Saint-Beuve is the author of numerous critical articles included in the collections Historical and Critical Review of French Poetry and French Theater of the 16th Century (1828), Literary Critical Portraits (parts 1-5, 1836-1839), Chateaubriand and his literary circle during the period of the Empire ”(1861). In Russia, the attention of A.S. Pushkin, who noted the "dry accuracy" of his poetry and the influence of passions on the character of the hero. Features of the biographical method The focus of the biographical method on the reconstruction of the historical, unfolded in time, perspective of events. The history of social institutions and social change is revealed through the stories of people about their own lives. Using the biographical method, the sociologist becomes a social historian. Sources for the biographical method Written Oral.