Lecture Old English phonetics. The verb as a


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Lecture 5

Weak Verbs
Indicative Subjunctive
Present Preterite Present Preterite Plural dëm- e baþ- ie dëm- de baþ- o-de dëm-de
Singular -est -ast -dest o-dest dëm-e baþ-ie baþ-ode
-eþ –aþ -de o- de dëm-den
Plural -aþ -iaþ -don o-don dëm-en baþ-ien baþ-oden
Imperative
Singular bind dëm baþ-a
Plural -aþ -aþ -iaþ
The 1st class of weak verbs includes a group of irregular verbs which have a mutated vowel in the present- tense stem and no mutation in the preterite and participle II.
bycgan “to buy” bohte 3eboht bringan “to bring” bröhte 3ebröht pencan “to think” pohte 3eþöht
pyncan “to think” pühte 3eþüht “to suppose” secan “to seek” söhte 3esöht
wyrcan “to work” worhte 3eworht sellan “to give” sealde 3eseald
The Non- Finite Forms
The non- Finite forms are: the infinitive and the two Participles. The non- finite forms in OE are more loosely connected with the finite system than in Modern English, for two reasons:

  1. there are no analytic forms in OE, although their prototypes exist as various combinations of link-verb and predicative; 2) the non- finite forms themselves possess fewer verbal features. Their subsequent development binds them more closely with the finite verb. Still since every OE verb can form verbals (non- finite forms), we must consider these as part of the verb paradigm.

    1. The Infinitive. There are two infinitive forms; one of them is called the Dative Infinitive (the Indo- European infinitive had been a declinable noun). This infinitive is mainly used to denote purpose, but it is quite safe to say that it generally function as an independent member of the sentence: it could function as subject and predicative. The infinitive with the ending -an functioned, as a rule, in combination with preterite- present verbs and in other verbal collocations. The second infinitive is preceded by “to” and has the ending “anne”; it is used in independent syntactic positions, mainly as adverbial modifier of purpose, but also as subject and predicative.

  1. bindan dëman baþian

  2. to bindanne to dëmanne to baþianne


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