Lecture Old English phonetics. The verb as a


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Lecture 5

Participle I.

Participle I has the ending -ende and is declined as a weak adjective. It is used attributively (in pre- and post- position) and predicatively:
m.n. bindend-e, fem-u m.n. bapiende, fem. -u

  1. Participle II. Participle II has the ending -n or -ed, -od, according to the type of verb (strong or weak). It is declined as an adjective (according both to the strong and weak pattern) and is use mainly as attribute and predicative.

Preterite- Present Verbs
The so- called preterite- present verbs are a small group (12 verbs) of verbs which have vowel- gradation in their present- tense form, corresponding to vowel- pattern. The verbs have a marked modal meaning; most of them exist in MnE as modal verbs. Present Preterite Participle
1 st class witan wät witon -wiste
2nd class du3an du3on dohte
3rd class cunnan cann cunnon cüòe man munnon müòe
durran dear durron dorste
þurfan eart þurfon þorfte 4th class sculan sceal sculon sceolde, scolde munan -an munon munde, gemunen
5th ma3an -æ3 ma3on meaht mihte 6th class ötm öton möste
7th class ä3an -3e ä3on ähte (probably)
The Substantive Verb
The substantive verb (i.e. the verb with the meaning of “to be, to exist”) is represented in OE by three roots; only two of them have infinitives.
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