Leonid Zhmud The Origin of the History of Science in Classical Antiquity

Alm., 7.4f.); this opinion was shared by
Proclus (
In Eucl., 21.25f.). For further material, see Mansfeld, J. Prolegomena
mathematica: From Apollonius of Perga to the late Neoplatonists, Leiden 1998, 4,
20f., 66 n. 229, etc. and the
utility rubric in the index, 173.

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1. The invention of técnh
49
longs to the subject of the history of culture.
17
This boundary is to some extent
conventional, for
Kulturentstehungslehre did not always end where Kulturge-
schichte had already stepped in. Thucydides in the Archaeology and Dicaear-
chus in the
Life of Hellas pass from the prehistoric state to historical events.
Nevertheless, this criterion allows us to classify the theories of Archelaus, Pro-
tagoras, Democritus, and the author of
VM as Kulturentstehungslehren, since
their heroes were anonymous first discoverers of prehistoric times, and not his-
torical or quasi-historical figures like Linus or Cadmus.
As for the history of culture itself, one of its early forms was the history of
separate técnai. Poetry, for example, was considered in Glaucus of Rhegium’s
work Perì tõn @rcaíwn poihtõn kaì mousikõn.
18
Starting with the legend-
ary inventors of music, Orpheus and Musaeus – with whom Democritus (68 B
16) apparently ended – Glaucus passed on to Homer and, after him, to the poets
of the archaic period (Terpander, Stesichorus, and Archilochus) to end, prob-
ably, with his own time (fr. 1–6 Lanata).
19
Glaucus paid particular attention to
two interrelated problems: priority in musical discoveries and the relative chro-
nology of the musicians, which made it possible to establish who influenced
whom.
20
Glaucus was, to all appearances, the first who endeavored to order the
historical material according to the principle of
pro¯tos heurete¯s.
21
The same
problems are even more closely connected in Hellanicus of Lesbos’ Karneoní-
kai, a work devoted to the winners of the musical agones at the Carnea festivals
in Sparta. The fragments of this chronicle of musical events say that Terpander
was older than Anacreon, being “the first of all” to win at the Carnea (
FGrHist
4 F 85a) and that Lasus of Hermione was “the first to introduce kúklioi coroí”
17
Cole,
op. cit., 41f., 57. Democritus dated his Mikrò~ diákosmo~ to 730 after the
fall of Troy (68 B 5) and, consequently, might have taken interest in the chronology
of that epoch. According to Theophrastus, the discoverers of arts and sciences had
lived about a thousand years earlier (fr. 184.125f. FHSG). Proclus, referring to the
history of discoveries (îstoría perì eûrhmátwn), claimed that grámmata kaì
técnai had been discovered not a very long time before (In Tim., 125.11f.). See al-
ready Pl.
Leg. 677c–d.
18
Glaucus’ fragments preserved, for the most part, in Ps.-Plutarch’s
De musica
(Barker.
GMW I, 205ff.) are collected in: Lanata, G. Poetica pre-platonica, Florence
1963, 270–281; see also Huxley, G. Glaukos of Rhegion,
GRBS 9 (1968) 47–54; For-
naro, S. Glaukos von Rhegion,
DNP 4 (1998) 1093f.
19
Fr. 6 mentions Empedocles, fr. 5 Glaucus’ contemporary Democritus. The latter,
though not known as a poet, wrote on music and poetry a great deal (68 A 33, X–XI).
20
Jacoby, F. Glaukos von Rhegion,
RE 7 (1910) 1417–1420. We know practically no-
thing of the book Perì poihtõn kaì sofistõn by his contemporary Damastes of
Sigeum (
FGrHist 5 T 1), though it follows from some evidence that eûr2mata (F 6)
and the problems of chronology (F 11) also preoccupied him. Writings dealing with
individual poets, e.g.