Lesson academic fields; Present Perfect Tense Read the text Academic field

Lesson 7. EARLY FABRICS: Phrasal verbs.


Activity 3. Read and translate the text.

Fabric is cloth or other material produced by weaving together cotton, nylon, wool, silk, or other threads. Fabrics are used for making things such as clothes, curtains, and sheets.

Many fabrics produced by the simple early weaving procedures are of striking beauty and sophistication. Design and art forms are of great interest, and the range of patterns and colours is wide, with patterns produced in different parts of the world showing distinctive local features.
Yarns and cloth were dyed and printed from very early times. Specimens of dyed fabrics have been found in Roman ruins of the II century BCE; tie-and-dye effects decorated the silks of China in the Tang dynasty (618–907 CE). Tie -dying is a method of dyeing textiles to produce patterns by tying sections of the cloth together so that they will not absorb the dye; and there is evidence of production of printed textiles in India during the IV century BCE. Textiles found in Egypt also indicate a highly developed weaving craft by the IV century CE, with many tapestries made from linen and wool. Persian textiles of very ancient origin include materials ranging from simple fabrics to luxurious carpets and tapestries.

7-dars. DASTLABKI MATOLAR: Phrasal fe'llar.


Faoliyati 3. Matnni o'qish va tarjima qilish.

Mato - bu paxta, nylon, jun, ipak yoki boshqa iplarni bir-biriga to'qish orqali ishlab chiqarilgan mato yoki boshqa materiallar. Matolardan kiyim, parda, qirra kabi narsalar yasashda foydalaniladi.

Oddiy erta to'qish usullari tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan ko'plab matolar ajoyib go'zallik va zo'rlikka ega. Dizayn va san'at shakllari katta qiziqish uyg'otadi, naqshlar va ranglar oralig'i keng. Dunyoning turli burchaklarida ishlab chiqarilgan naqshlar o'ziga xos mahalliy xususiyatlarni ko'rsatadi.
Ip va mato juda erta davrlardan bo'yalgan va bosilgan. Miloddan avvalgi II asrning Rim xarobalarida bo'yalgan mato namunalari topilgan; bog'lanish-va-bo'yoq ta'siri Tang sulolasi (618-907 CE) Xitoy ipak bezatilgan. Bog'lam -o'lish matoning bo'laklarini bo'yoqni o'zlashtirmasligi uchun bir-biriga bog'lab, naqsh hosil qilish uchun to'qimachilikni bo'yash usuli; va miloddan avvalgi IV asrda Hindistonda bosma to'qimachilik ishlab chiqarilganligi to'g'risida dalillar mavjud. Misrda topilgan to'qimachilik, shuningdek, IV asr Milodiy tomonidan yuqori darajada rivojlangan to'quv hunarmandchilik hunarmandchilik ko'rsatadi, zig'ir va jundan tayyorlangan ko'plab lentalar mavjud. Juda qadimiy kelib chiqishi fors to'qimachilik oddiy matolardan tortib hashamatli gilamlar va lentalargacha bo'lgan materiallarni o'z ichiga oladi.