-ing form going, having gone
Form and usage
This verb form is usually formed using : base form of verb + -ing
-> going jump -> jumping wear -> wearing
However, the addition of -ing often involves particular spelling changes
give giving dig -> digging die -> dying label -> labelling
The -ing form has three main grammatical functions :
1 verb used as a noun
2 present participle
3 gerund
The -ing form as a noun can be used:
• as the subject of a sentence.
Surfing the Internet is my favourite past time.
• as direct object after numerous verbs (like, hate, enjoy...).
I enjoy dancing and playing tennis.
• as an indirect object after a preposition (of, for, at, with, by...).
You're very good at skiing!
It is often found :
• in titles .
Building a new Europe.
Sowing seeds for the new generations.
• in signs for prohibited actions.
No smoking
No diving
The -ing form as a gerund is used:
• to talk about two simultaneous actions and with the verb spend.
I sat quietly listening to the speech.
They spent hours checking all the files.
The -ing form is also used:
• with the verb be in the continuous form of all the tenses (present continuous , past
continuous...).
He is writing a new novel.
They were going to the theatre when we met them.
Past form of -ing form : having + past participle (having done)
Passive form of -ing form : being + past participle (being done)
and having been + past participle (having been done)
What grammatical function does the -ing form have? Write N (noun), G (gerund), A (adjective) or С (continuous form).
1 Smoking is not allowed in public places in England any more .
2 Sam spends a lot of time looking for discounts on the Internet.
3 I’m going to buy some new clothes at the weekend .
4Have you seen Rhonda‘s shopping bag?
5 They sell everything you need for skiing in that shop.
6 Peter was paying for his computer when I saw him.
7 In many countries advertising is regulated by law.
8 Meg won an expensive TV set by collecting supermarket coupons.
9 Buying at local markets is usually cheaper than buying in shops.
Infinitive
Two types:
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