The Lewis and Clark Expedition, also known as the Corps of Discovery Expedition, was the first American expedition to cross what is now the western portion of the United States. It began near St. Louis, made its way westward, and passed through the continental divide to reach the Pacific coast. The Lewis and Clark Expedition, also known as the Corps of Discovery Expedition, was the first American expedition to cross what is now the western portion of the United States. It began near St. Louis, made its way westward, and passed through the continental divide to reach the Pacific coast.President Thomas Jefferson commissioned the expedition shortly after the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. - “the most direct and practicable water communication across this continent, for the purposes of commerce”
The campaign's secondary objectives were scientific and economic: to study the area's plants, animal life, and geography, and to establish trade with local Native American tribes. With maps, sketches, and journals in hand, the expedition returned to St. Louis to report its findings to Jefferson.
Sacagawea, sometimes called Sakajawea or Sakagawea (c. 1788 – December 20, 1812), was a Shoshone Indian woman who arrived with her husband Toussaint Charbonneau on the expedition to the Pacific Ocean. Sacagawea, sometimes called Sakajawea or Sakagawea (c. 1788 – December 20, 1812), was a Shoshone Indian woman who arrived with her husband Toussaint Charbonneau on the expedition to the Pacific Ocean.On February 11, 1805, a few weeks after her first contact with the expedition, Sacagawea went into labor which was slow and painful, she delivered a healthy boy who was given the name Jean Baptiste Charbonneau.When the expedition reached Maria's River, on June 16, 1805, Sacagawea became dangerously ill. She was able to find some relief by drinking mineral water from the sulphur spring that fed into the river.Though she has been discussed in literature frequently, much of the information is exaggeration or fiction. Scholars say she did notice some geographical features, but "Sacagawea...was not the guide for the Expedition, she was important to them as an interpreter and in other ways." The sight of a woman and her infant son would have been reassuring to some indigenous nations, and she played an important role in diplomatic relations by talking to chiefs, easing tensions, and giving the impression of a peaceful mission.In his writings, Meriwether Lewis presented a somewhat negative view of her, though Clark had a higher regard for her, and provided some support for her children in subsequent years. - In the journals, they used the terms "squar" and "savages" to refer to Sacagawea and other indigenous peoples.
. “Rained the forepart of the day. I determined to go as far as St. Charles, a French village 7 leagues [21 miles] up the Missouri and wait at that place until Capt. Lewis could finish the business he was obliged to attend to at St. Louis and join me by land.... . “Rained the forepart of the day. I determined to go as far as St. Charles, a French village 7 leagues [21 miles] up the Missouri and wait at that place until Capt. Lewis could finish the business he was obliged to attend to at St. Louis and join me by land.... “I set out at 4 p.m. in the presence of many of the neighboring inhabitants, and proceeded on under a gentle breeze up the Missouri to the upper point of the first island four miles and camped on the island, which is situated close to the right side and opposite the mouth of a small creek called Coldwater. A heavy rain that afternoon.”--William Clark, May 14, 1804
“The Commanding officers, Captains M. Lewis & W. Clark constituted themselves a court martial for the trial of such persons as are guilty of capital crimes, and under the rules and articles of war punishable by DEATH. “The Commanding officers, Captains M. Lewis & W. Clark constituted themselves a court martial for the trial of such persons as are guilty of capital crimes, and under the rules and articles of war punishable by DEATH.“Alexander Willard was brought forward charged with ‘lying down and sleeping on his post’ whilst a sentinel…. To this charge the prisoner pleads guilty of ‘lying down,’ and not guilty of ‘going to sleep.’“The court after duly considering the evidence, are of opinion that the prisoner A. Willard is guilty of every part of the charges exhibited against him. It being a breach of the rules and articles of war do sentence him to receive 100 lashes, on his bare back, at four different times in equal proportion. And order that the punishment commence this evening at sunset, and continue to be inflicted every evening until completed.”--William Clark, July 12, 1804
“We this day moved into our huts which are now completed. This place which we call Fort Mandan, is situated in a point of low ground, on the north side of the Missouri, covered with tall and heavy cotton wood. The works consist of two rows of huts or sheds, forming an angle where they joined each other; each row containing four rooms, of fourteen feet square and seven feet high...” “We this day moved into our huts which are now completed. This place which we call Fort Mandan, is situated in a point of low ground, on the north side of the Missouri, covered with tall and heavy cotton wood. The works consist of two rows of huts or sheds, forming an angle where they joined each other; each row containing four rooms, of fourteen feet square and seven feet high...”--William Clark, November 20, 1804
“The weather t-day was colder than any we had yet experienced, the thermometer at sunrise being 45 degrees below 0, and about eight o’clock it fell to 74 degrees below the freezing point. From Mr. Haney, who is a very sensible intelligent man, we obtained much geographical information with regard to the country between the Missouri and Mississippi, and the various tribes of Sioux who inhabit it... I bleed [sic] the man with the pleurisy today, Capt. Clark took off the toes of one foot of the boy who got frostbite sometime ago...” “The weather t-day was colder than any we had yet experienced, the thermometer at sunrise being 45 degrees below 0, and about eight o’clock it fell to 74 degrees below the freezing point. From Mr. Haney, who is a very sensible intelligent man, we obtained much geographical information with regard to the country between the Missouri and Mississippi, and the various tribes of Sioux who inhabit it... I bleed [sic] the man with the pleurisy today, Capt. Clark took off the toes of one foot of the boy who got frostbite sometime ago...”--Meriwether Lewis, December 17, 1804
“Capt. Clark and Drewyer killed the largest brown bear this evening which we have yet seen. It was a most tremendous looking animal, and extremely hard to kill. He had five balls through his lungs and five others in various parts he swam more than half the distance across the river to a sandbar; and it was at least twenty minutes before he died; he did not attempt to attack, but fled and made the most tremendous roaring from the moment he was shot. We had no means of weighing this monster; ... this bear differs from the common black bear in several respects; it’s talons are much longer, it’s tale shorter, it’s hair which is of a reddish, is longer thicker and finer than that of the black bear; his liver lungs and heart are much larger even in proportion with his size; the heart particularly was as large as that of a large ox.” “Capt. Clark and Drewyer killed the largest brown bear this evening which we have yet seen. It was a most tremendous looking animal, and extremely hard to kill. He had five balls through his lungs and five others in various parts he swam more than half the distance across the river to a sandbar; and it was at least twenty minutes before he died; he did not attempt to attack, but fled and made the most tremendous roaring from the moment he was shot. We had no means of weighing this monster; ... this bear differs from the common black bear in several respects; it’s talons are much longer, it’s tale shorter, it’s hair which is of a reddish, is longer thicker and finer than that of the black bear; his liver lungs and heart are much larger even in proportion with his size; the heart particularly was as large as that of a large ox.”--Meriwether Lewis, May 5, 1805
“Boils and [abscesses] have been very common with the party ... soar eyes continue also to be common to all of us in a greater or less degree. For the [abscesses] I use emollient poultices, and for soar eyes a solution of white vitriol and the sugar of lead in the proportion of 2 grs. of the former and one of the latter to each ounce of water.... I begin to feel extremely anxious to get in view of the Rocky Mountains.” “Boils and [abscesses] have been very common with the party ... soar eyes continue also to be common to all of us in a greater or less degree. For the [abscesses] I use emollient poultices, and for soar eyes a solution of white vitriol and the sugar of lead in the proportion of 2 grs. of the former and one of the latter to each ounce of water.... I begin to feel extremely anxious to get in view of the Rocky Mountains.”--Meriwether Lewis, May 12, 1805
“The Indian information also argued strongly in favour of the south fork. They informed us that the water of the Missouri was nearly transparent at the Great Falls, this is the case with the water of the south fork.... Sah-cah-gah-we-a, our Indian woman is very sick this evening; Capt. C. bled her.... I felt myself very unwell this morning and took a portion of salts from which I feel much relief this evening. ... In the evening Cruzatte gave us some music on the violin and the men passed the evening in dancing singing and were extremely cheerful” “The Indian information also argued strongly in favour of the south fork. They informed us that the water of the Missouri was nearly transparent at the Great Falls, this is the case with the water of the south fork.... Sah-cah-gah-we-a, our Indian woman is very sick this evening; Capt. C. bled her.... I felt myself very unwell this morning and took a portion of salts from which I feel much relief this evening. ... In the evening Cruzatte gave us some music on the violin and the men passed the evening in dancing singing and were extremely cheerful”--Meriwether Lewis, July 10, 1805
“I soon obtained three very good horses, for which I gave an uniform coat, a pair of leggings, a few handkerchiefs, three knives and some other small articles the whole of which did not cost more than about $20 in the U’ States. The Indians seemed quite as well pleased with their bargain as I was.... “I soon obtained three very good horses, for which I gave an uniform coat, a pair of leggings, a few handkerchiefs, three knives and some other small articles the whole of which did not cost more than about $20 in the U’ States. The Indians seemed quite as well pleased with their bargain as I was....“This day I completed my thirty first year. I reflected that I had as yet done but little, very little, indeed, to further the happiness of the human race, or to advance the information of the succeeding generation. I viewed with regret the many hours I have spent in indolence, and now sorely feel the want of that information which those hours would have given me had they been judiciously expended.”--Meriwether Lewis, August 18, 1805
“Capt Lewis & myself ate a supper of roots boiled, which swelled us in such a manner that we were scarcely able to breath for several hours.... we purchased fish & dogs for those people, dined and proceeded on. We have some Frenchmen, who prefer dog flesh to fish; and they here got two or three from the Indians.... Our diet extremely bad having nothing but roots and dried fish to eat, all the party have greatly the advantage of me, in as much as they all relish the flesh of the dogs....” “Capt Lewis & myself ate a supper of roots boiled, which swelled us in such a manner that we were scarcely able to breath for several hours.... we purchased fish & dogs for those people, dined and proceeded on. We have some Frenchmen, who prefer dog flesh to fish; and they here got two or three from the Indians.... Our diet extremely bad having nothing but roots and dried fish to eat, all the party have greatly the advantage of me, in as much as they all relish the flesh of the dogs....”--William Clark, October 10, 1805
“O! Great joy in camp we are in view of the Ocean, this great Pacific Ocean which we been so long anxious to see. And the roaring or noise made by the waves braking on the rocky shores (as I suppose) may be heard distinctly.” “O! Great joy in camp we are in view of the Ocean, this great Pacific Ocean which we been so long anxious to see. And the roaring or noise made by the waves braking on the rocky shores (as I suppose) may be heard distinctly.”--William Clark, November 7, 1805
After reading the journal entries, do you think the suffering was worth it? Explain. After reading the journal entries, do you think the suffering was worth it? Explain.Why was it necessary to bring Sacagawea along on the Expedition? Was the Expedition morally right? Explain the consequences of the Expedition.
Read the following timeline CAFEFULLY. Read the following timeline CAFEFULLY. Complete the map as you read. The map directions are embedded in the reading! SE YOUR BEST HANDWRITING, LABEL YOUR MAP CLEARLY, AND USE COLOR! You may use the internet for resources, but not just to copy a map of the Expedition!
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