Linguopragmatic aspects of fictional texts in English and Karakalpak languages

2.2. The pragmatic intention “to interest the reader” in English and 
Karakalpak literary texts 
 
The pragmatic intention “to interest the reader” is close to the previous one 
and can be considered as its consequence. This type of pragmatic intention 
involves mostly the reader’s intellectual competence as well as psychological 
peculiarities of individual’s perception and makes him/her think over the meaning 
or so-called “semantic content” of the literary discourse. Various “structural and 
stylistic transformations, contextual changes of lexical meanings, implicit 
meanings, connotations and associations” are the essential means of pragmatic 
intention “to interest the reader” [10].

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1. The following monologue from As You Like It by W. Shakespeare is 
illustrative in this respect: All the world's a stage, 
(16) And all the men and women merely players: 
They have their exits and their entrances; 
And one man in his time plays many parts, 
His acts being seven ages. 
The expression “All the world’s a stage, And all the men and women merely 
players” is a trite image and resembles the other hackneyed images such as “The 
world’s like a chessboard, and the chess pieces are the people”. Since it is a simple 
and traditional image, it does not interest the reader that much. However, in the 
continuation the author adds the “renewal” by which accomplishes the 
effectiveness in the perception of this image on the reader’s part. The image 
“world - stage” is extended with the metaphor containing several images such as 
“exits, entrances, plays, acts, seven ages”. In this example, the main emphasis is 
given not to the resemblance of world to the stage or players to men and women, 
but to convey the deep meaning that people are born, they play (gaign) different 
roles, i.e. positions in the family and society, they go through seven ages (stages) 
of life (birth, infancy, childhood, adolescence, maturity, old age and death). As a 
result, this kind of new demonstration of a trite image increases the reader’s 
interest and intensifies the pragmatic effect 
2. Nothing is so boring as something known and monotonous. It is necessary to 
keep in mind that in the fictional discourse “the new” is linked with subtextual and 
conceptual information rather than factual information presented by the plot of the 
text. Therefore various kinds of structural and stylistic transformations, contextual 
changes of lexical meanings, implicit meanings, connotations and associations are 
in the foreground. From the linguistic point of view “the new” is based on a 
peculiar usage of language units, the renewal of their both structural and semantic 
characteristics. Let’s turn to an example: 
(17)For women are as roses 

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Whose fair flower being once displayed 
Doth fall that very hour (W. Shakespeare). 
The utterance contains a traditional, trite image “women - roses”. Due to its 
frequent usage this image has become hackneyed. It doesn’t excite any interest on 
the part of the reader. The perception of this image would not have been effective 
if it were no! Ibrils peculiar usage. In order to attract and interest the reiulcr, the
Author resorts to “renewal” of this image. It is achieved by the following: a) the 
trite simile “women are as roses” is included into the structure of an extended 
metaphor containing several images: - flower, display, fall; b) violation of usual 
associative links of this image. The simile here is used not to emphasize women's 
beauty, but to stress the fact that beauty does not last long; it passes lightly and 
instantly like a flash. 
Hence, the “image renewal” deautamatizes its perception and changes the 
character of emotional impact. Positive emotions associated with the concept of 
BEAUTY are transformed into quite opposite negative emotions - sorrow, regret, 
sadness caused by beauty's “momentary” life. Such new comprehension of the 
hackneyed image excites the reader's interest and heightens the pragmatic effect. 
Noun metaphors, which are often used in Joyce’s novel usually, have the 
following structural type: noun - of - noun 
(18) For example: To speak these things and to try to understand their nature and 
Having understood it, to try slowly and humbly and constantly to express, to 
express out again, from the gross earth or what it brings forth, from sound and 
shape and color which are the prison gates of our soul, an image of the beauty we 
have come to understand - that is art. [58 p. 400]. 
Instead of the word unit “gate of the house”, or “gate of the garage”, another
word “gate of soul” interest the reader with its unexpectedness. 
Favorite images in oriental poetry are nightingale, rose, moon. Nature, art, war, 
fairy tales and myths, science may also serve as sources or metaphorical images, so 
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that to interest the reader. As in English, in Karakalpak language metaphors also
serve to interest the reader. In the works of karakalpak writers we could find 
bright examples of unexpected images which interest readers.We’ll try to 
analyze some of them: 
(19)Tawlar bulaq kózin kórmese eger,