Listening audioscript

6. WHAT IS THE TOPIC OF THIS LECTURE? 

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LPREP IBT 3 E AudioScript 
120
7. ACCORDING TO THE LECTURE, IS EACH OF THESE STATEMENTS 
TRUE ABOUT THE ALPS AND THE HIMALAYAS?
8. ACCORDING TO THE LECTURE, WHICH STATEMENTS ARE TRUE ABOUT THE 
ROCKY MOUNTAINS? 
9. WHAT DOES THE PROFESSOR EXPLAIN BY USING THE EXAMPLE OF 
A DOORMAT? 
10. ACCORDING TO THE LECTURE, WHAT IS SUBDUCTION?
11. WHAT ASPECT OF THE FORMATION OF THE ANDES DOES THE
PROFESSOR EMPHASIZE? 
SPEAKING 
 
Page 423
[ mp3 190-191]
 
Question 2. 
Now listen to the passage.
(Professor) 
The issue of nullification caused serious controversy in a few situations 
in the nineteenth century. In 1828, the U.S. Congress passed a bill that 
authorized new tariffs on some imported manufactured goods. This 
meant that taxes would have to be paid to the federal government when 
certain manufactured goods were imported, and since many goods were 
not manufactured in the United States at the time, if people wanted to 
have these goods, then the goods had to be imported. 
The issue of nullification arose in this situation when one of the southern 
states in the United States, specifically South Carolina, voted to nullify 
the law that required that tariffs be paid on those imported goods. Um in 
other words, the state voted not to follow a law passed by the federal 
government. 
The president of the United States, Andrew Jackson, denied that any 
state had the right to nullify federal law and prepared to send federal 
troops into the state to impose the federal law on tariffs there. However, 
a compromise was reached when the government passed a new law that 
lowered the tariff, and South Carolina agreed to pay this lower tariff 
without renouncing the right to nullify federal laws. 
Later, in 1859, the northern state of Wisconsin attempted to nullify 
another federal law, the uh fugitive slave law, which required officials to 
return escaped slaves to their owners, even in free states. Wisconsin, as 
a free state, did not want to return slaves to their owners if they escaped 
to that state. In this case the supreme court of the United States 
declared that no state had the right to nullify federal law or interfere with 
its enforcement. 
It was the civil war when the federal government enforced the idea that 
states are not free to ignore the national government. This put an end to 
most serious attempts to nullify federal laws by individual states. 
Now answer the following question. You have 30 seconds to prepare an answer and 60 
seconds to give your spoken response.