Listening audioscript

1. WHY DOES THE ADVISOR WANT TO TALK WITH THE STUDENT? 
2. WHAT PROBLEMS DOES THE STUDENT HAVE? 

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LPREP IBT 3 E AudioScript 
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3. WHAT DOES THE ADVISOR IMPLY ABOUT THE HISTORY PROFESSOR’S 
EXAMS? 
4. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING DOES THE ADVISOR RECOMMEND THAT THE 
STUDENT DO? 
5. LISTEN AGAIN TO PART OF THE PASSAGE. THEN ANSWER THE QUESTION. 
(Advisor) 
And, as for actually getting up and going to class… I can give you advice 
about courses, but you’re going to have to meet me halfway on this. 
(Student) 
OK, I hear what you’re saying. 
(Advisor) 
Good! So check back with me in a couple of weeks, and let me know 
how it’s going. 
WHAT DOES THE ADVISOR MEAN WHEN SHE SAYS THIS? 
(Advisor) 
And, as for actually getting up and going to class… I can give you advice 
about courses, but you’re going to have to meet me halfway on this. 
Page 144
[mp3 003-004] 
 
Questions 6 through 11. 
Listen to part of a lecture in a psychology class. 
 (Professor) 
Today, we’re going to review the characteristics of sleep, in both humans 
and animals. We talked about this some in the last class, and you should 
have done the reading, so this should all be clear to you. First of all, what 
are the main characteristics of sleep? Let’s talk about this diagram. What 
happens to the human body when a person is sleeping? Uh … can you 
start this off for us, Pam? 
(Student 1) 
Well, during sleep, the, um, muscles relax, both breathing and heart rate 
slow down, and … brain waves change. 
(Professor) 
Exactly. So, I’m going to want to elaborate on the subject of muscle tone 
in just a minute. I have an interesting example to illustrate my points 
about it. But for now, let’s stick with brain waves. OK, so let’s look at this 
drawing of brain wave patterns. Ron, can you explain how brain waves 
change? 
(Student 2) 
I think so. The brain of a person who’s awake and relaxed gives off … 
um about ten small waves per second, like in the drawing near the 
middle. But it’s different in deep sleep. 
(Professor) 
What’s different about deep sleep? 
(Student 2) 
Well, I think that in deep sleep, the, uh, brain waves become much 
slower and larger, like in the drawing on the left. 
(Professor) 
Well … you don’t sound very sure of your answers, Ron, but you’ve got 
them exactly right. Brain waves are the slowest and largest during the 
first few hours of a period of sleep. This is called the period of slow-wave 
sleep. Are brain waves always large and slow during sleep? Nancy? 
(Student 2) 
No, um, there are periods of small and fast waves at intervals during a 
period of sleep. These short and fast waves are similar to the brain 
waves of a person who’s awake. 
(Professor) 
And what happens to the eyes during these periods of fast brain activity? 
Pam? 
(Student 1) 
The sleeper’s eyes move really fast. This is called … ah … called “rapid-
eye-movement sleep” or REM sleep. 
(Professor) 
Yes, Pam, you’ve got it. And what other name does the period of REM 
sleep have? 

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LPREP IBT 3 E AudioScript 
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(Student 1) 
It’s called “dreaming sleep” because this is when people dream. 
(Professor) 
Yes, that’s right. OK, now can you tell me about muscle tone during REM 
sleep? 
(Student 1)
Well, the muscles are relaxed throughout sleep, but during REM sleep, 
muscle tone decreases even more. 
(Professor)
Good. Can anyone tell me why this is? 
(Student 2)
Well, if you’re dreaming, you probably don’t want to be acting out all of 
what you’re doing in your dreams, um, like if you’re running or playing 
soccer. So your muscles have to relax. 
(Professor)
Precisely, and, this isn’t in the book, but there are actually sleep 
disorders where this repression of movements is weakened and you end 
up moving around in your sleep. This is also the explanation behind the 
fact that sleepwalking does not usually occur during REM sleep. Sounds 
strange, right? It turns out that people are most likely to sleepwalk during 
deep sleep, when brain waves are much slower. At that time, the 
repression of movements present during REM sleep is absent. 
OK, that’s probably enough about muscle tone, but let me just recap 
what we’ve said about brain waves before we go on to discuss them in 
another context. So, we’ve seen that when a person sleeps, there’re 
different types of brain-wave activity. There’re periods of large, slow brain 
waves during deep sleep, and there’re periods of small, fast brain waves 
during REM, or dreaming sleep. Now, we’re going to compare human 
sleep patterns with those of certain animals. What can you tell me about 
the sleep patterns of mammals, Ron? 
(Student 2) 
Mammals seem to experience true sleep, with changes in brain-wave 
patterns. Uh, that means that they have periods of dreaming sleep and 
periods of slow-wave sleep. 
(Professor) 
And what about reptiles and fish? Nancy? 
(Student 2) 
Reptiles also experience sleep with changes in brain-wave patterns, but 
they don’t seem to have periods of dreaming sleep. Fish have periods 
when they become less aware of their surroundings, but, um, there’s no 
scientific evidence of changes in brain waves. 
(Professor) 
Excellent. And, for the record, the animals we’ve discussed today make 
up only a small fraction of all the animals on our planet that dreams while 
sleeping. Now, Pam, let’s see if you can summarize the information for 
us. Which types of animals seem to experience changes in brain waves 
while they’re sleeping? 
(Student 1) 
Humans, of course, and also mammals, birds, and reptiles. Fish don’t 
seem to experience changes in brain waves. 
(Professor) 
Good. So what about periods of dreaming? 
(Student 1) 
Again, humans obviously, experience periods of dreaming, and most 
mammals seem to experience the same type of dreaming, with periods 
of dreaming sleep and periods of slow-wave sleep. Birds may experience 
short periods of dreaming, but reptiles and fish don’t. 
(Professor) 
Well, it seems all of you have a very clear understanding at this point. 
OK, now, I’d like to discuss some specific sleep disorders in more detail.