- A materials-handling system is the entire network of transportation that:
- Receives material
- Stores material in inventories
- Moves material between processing points
- Deposits the finished products into vehicles for delivery to customers
Materials Handling - Material-Handling Principles
- Move directly (no zigzagging/backtracking)
- Minimize human effort required
- Move heavy/bulky items the shortest distances
- Minimize number of times same item is moved
- MH systems should be flexible
- Mobile equipment should carry full loads
Materials Handling - Material-Handling Equipment
- Automatic transfer devices
- Containers/pallets/hand carts
- Conveyors
- Cranes
- Elevators
- Pipelines
- Turntables
- AGVS
Basic Layout Forms - Process
- Product
- Cellular
- Fixed-Position
- Hybrid
Process (Job Shop) Layouts - Equipment that perform similar processes are grouped together
- Used when the operations system must handle a wide variety of products in relatively small volumes (i.e., flexibility is necessary)
- General-purpose equipment is used
- Changeover is rapid
- Material flow is intermittent
- Material handling equipment is flexible
- Operators are highly skilled
- . . . more
Characteristics of Process Layouts - Technical supervision is required
- Planning, scheduling and controlling functions are challenging
- Production time is relatively long
- In-process inventory is relatively high
Product (Assembly Line) Layouts - Operations are arranged in the sequence required to make the product
- Used when the operations system must handle a narrow variety of products in relatively high volumes
- Operations and personnel are dedicated to producing one or a small number of products
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