M. A. I english P. C3 & C6 Modern Linguistics title pmd


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M. A. I English P. C-3 Intr. to Modern Linguistics all

Example 1 :
Shoot her (Austin’s example) 
A.
Locution : Use of speech referring to the act of shooting and to the
pronoun ‘her’ 
B.
Illocution:He ordered/ urged/advised me to shoot her 
C.
Perlocution: He got/persuaded me to shoot her) 


91 
Example 2: 
The bar will be closed in five minutes
Suppose, for example, that a bartender utters the words, 'The bar will be 
closed in five minutes,' reported by means of direct quotation.
A
Locution: Act of saying that the bar (i.e., the one he is tending) will be closed
in five minutes (from the time of utterance).
B
Illocution:Informing the patrons of the bar's imminent closing and perhaps
also the act of urging them to order a last drink.
C:
Perlocution:The bartender intends to be performing the perlocutionary acts of
causing the patrons to believe that the bar is about to close and of getting
them to want and to order one last drink.
Example 3 :
Don’t move 

Locution: Act of telling the hearer not to move from where he is standing. 
B
Illocution: Warning or advising depending on the context of the utterance. 
C
Perlocution: In saying the above, the speaker intends to cause the hearer to
believe that moving could be dangerous to his well being and therefore he
should stay still.
Example 4 :
I am thirsty
A
Locution: Act of informing the hearer of his physical state.
B
Illocution: The intention is to make a request for a drink that will quench his
thirst. 
C
Perlocution: The speaker in saying the above persuades the hearer to give
him a drink. The hearer on his part can agree or refuse to give the speaker a
drink.


92 
In all the examples above, what the speakers intend to say has to be 
inferred. It is not stated directly in the words.

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