M. Iriskulov, A. Kuldashev a course in Theoretical English Grammar Tashkent 2008

Communicative Syntax. It is primarily concerned with the analysis of 
utterances from the point of their communicative value and informative structure. 
It deals with the actual division of the utterance - the theme and rheme analysis. 
Both the theme and the rheme constitute the informative structure of utterances. 
The theme is something that is known already while the rheme represents some 
new information. Depending on the contextual informative value any sentence 
element can act as the theme or the rheme:
Who is at home? - John is at home. Where is John? - John is at home. 
Pragmatic approach to the study of syntactic units can briefly be described 
as the study of the way language is used in particular contexts to achieve particular 
goals. Speech Act Theory was first introduced by John Austin. The notion of a 
speech act presupposes that an utterance can be said with different intentions or 
purposes and therefore can influence the speaker and situation in different ways: 
It's cold here 
I just state the fact; 
I want you to do something about it (close the window); 
I'm treatening you; 
I'm s eking for an excuse for not doing something; 
I wan you to feel guilty of it; 
Etc. 
Accordingly, we can distinguish different speech acts. 
Of special interest here is the problem of indirect speech acts: Are you 
leaving already? In our everyday activities we use indirect speech acts rather 
willingly because it is the best way to influence people, to get what we want and to 

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be polite at the same time. 
Text linguistics studies the text as a syntactic unit, its main features and 
peculiarities, different ways of its analysis. 
Discourse analysis focuses on the study of language use with reference to 
the social and psychological factors that influence communication.