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called classifying utterances. Their invariant sentence pattern is: N + Vbe + NI.
Those are:
a) structures with the verb "to be", for example:
This is a computer.
b)exclamatory sentences beginning with "what" or such.
e.g.
What a long story! He is such a nuisance!
c) sentences including an adverbial modifier
of manner or comparison, for
example:
e.g.
You look like a rose! She works as a teacher.
2. The indefinitizing function is realized when
the referent of the noun is
not a real thing, but it exists in the speaker's imagination only. Those are sentences
containing modal verbs
or verbs with modal meaning,
forms of the Subjunctive
Mood, Future Tense forms, negative and interrogative sentences.
e.g.
I wish I had a home like you do.
Have you ever seen a living tiger?
3. The introductory function. Before sharing
some information about the
object, we need to introduce it to the hearer. Fairy
tales can be used as ideal
illustrations of the use of the indefinite article in its introductory function.
e.g.
Once upon a time there lived an old man. He had a wife and a daughter.
He lived in a small house.
4. The quantifying function. The indefinite
article developed from the
numeral "one". The meaning of "oneness" is still preserved when the article is used
with nouns denoting measure, like "a minute", "a year" or "a pound".
The definite article may be used in the following functions:
1. The identifying function.
When we speak, we may want to point out to something that both us and the
hearer perceive with our organs of feeling. There are five different ways of getting
the information about something existing in the objective reality. We can see it (Do
you like the picture?), hear it (I believe, the music is too loud), feel it (The pillow
is so soft!), smell it (What is the name of the perfume?) or taste it (The soup tastes
bitter).
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