M. Iriskulov, A. Kuldashev a course in Theoretical English Grammar Tashkent 2008

III. Paradigmatics of the simple sentence. 
Paradigmatics of the simple sentence is closely connected with the idea of the 
kernel sentence and sentence-derivation, which was introduced by N.Chomsky. He 
believed that all sentences generated in speech (that is surface structures) are 
derived from or can be reduced to some limited number of basic syntactic 
structures which he called “kernel”. The sentence “He did the job carefully and 
thoroughly” can be reduced to the kernel sentence “He did the job”. The sentence 
“I saw him come” is derived from two kernel sentences “I saw him” and “He 
came”. The derivation of sentences out of kernel ones can be analyzed as a process 
falling into sets of transformational steps: 
1. “morphological arrangement” of the sentence, i.e. morphological changes 
expressing syntactically relevant categories, such as the predicate categories 
of the verb: tense, aspect, voice, mood,
e.g.: He writes.  He will be writing/would write/ has written; 
2. “functional expansion” includes various uses of functional words, 
e.g.: He regretted the trip.  He seemed to regret the trip;
3. “substitution”, e.g.: The children ran out of the house.  They ran out of 
the house. I want a different book, please.  I want a different one, 
please; 
4. “deletion” – elimination of some elements of the sentence in various
contextual conditions, e.g.: Would you like to go out? - To go out?
5. “positional arrangement”, e.g.: A loud bang came from there.  From there 
came a loud bang; 
6. “intonational arrangement”, e.g.: They should do it on their own.  They? 
Should do it on their own? 

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Thus, the simple sentence is a monopredicative unit. The grammatical 
structure of a simple sentence is mainly determined by its syntactic pattern which 
presents a system of function-expressing positions, defined by the syntactic 
valency of the verb predicate.