M. Iriskulov, A. Kuldashev a course in Theoretical English Grammar Tashkent 2008

Self-control questions 
1. What types of linguistic relations between words do you know? 
2. What relation is called paradigmatic? 
3. What relation is called syntagmatic? 
4. What is agreement? 
5. What is government? 
6. What is collocation? 
7. Are there agreement, government and collocation in your native language? 
8. What relation between words are called syntactic? 
9. What relation is called predicative? 
Word-Combinations and Their Types 
 
Word-combination (or phrase) is a syntactically connected group of notional 
words within the limits of sentence but which is not a sentence itself. (3), 
B. Ilyish (15) defines it as follows: "Phrase is every combination of two or 
more words which is a grammatical unit but is not an analytical form of some word 
(as, for instance, the perfect forms of verbs)" and further Ilyish writes that "the 
difference between a phrase and a sentence is a fundamental one. A phrase is a 
means of naming some phenomenon or process, just as a word is. Each component 

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of a phrase can undergo grammatical changes in accordance with grammatical 
categories represented in it. Without destroying the identity of the phrase.". 
"With a sentence things are entirely different. A sentence is a unit with every 
word having its definite form. A change in the form of one or more words would 
produce a new sentence". 
But if one takes into consideration that any phrase is a constituent of sen-
tences then it is difficult to accept Ilyish's concept of phrases. Any change in the 
structure of a phrase may result the change in the sentence to which this phrase 
refers. In this case that sentence will become another sentence as per the concept of 
the author. 
Following L. Barkhudarov's conception we distinguish three types of word- 
combinations: 
1. Subordinate phrases the IC of which are connected by a subordination 
bond: cold water, reading a book, famous detective, smoked fish, and so on. 
Z. Co-ordinate phrases the IC of which are connected by a coordination 
bond: slowly but steadily; pen and pencils. 
3. Predicative phrases the IC of which are connected by a predication bond: 
for you to go; breakfast over... When he turned his head the two behind could see 
his lips moving. 
But phrases don't always consist of two elements; their IC may contain more 
than one word, as e.g. 
three black dogs 
In the same phrase we find 3 words. IC are connected by a subordination 
bond. When I C of two or more membered phrases are connected by a similar bond 
we'll call elementary phrase, e.g. mighty entertaining story; teaching English 
Grammar: men, women and children... But very often certain phrases in their turn 
fall under some other phrases, 1C of which are connected by different bonds, as it 
is in the phrase. Red and blue pencils. 
Here we find subordination and coordination. Such phrases are called 
compound phrases, e.g. brought pens and pencils. Subordinate phrases may be of 
different types which depend on the part of speech the head word is expressed by