M. Iriskulov, A. Kuldashev a course in Theoretical English Grammar Tashkent 2008

adjectivals and adjectiavals. The position of adjectivals is usually right before the 
noun-head. Pre-adjectivals occupy the position before adjectivals. They fall into 
two groups: a) limiters (to this group belong mostly particles): just, only, even, etc. 
and b) determiners (articles, possessive pronouns, quantifiers - the first, the last). 
Premodification of nouns by nouns (NқN) is one of the most striking 
features about the grammatical organization of English. It is one of devices to 
make our speech both laconic and expressive at the same time. Noun-adjunct 
groups result from different kinds of transformational shifts. NPs with pre-posed 
adjuncts can signal a striking variety of meanings: 
world peace - peace all over the world 
silver box - a box made of silver 
table lamp -lamp for tables 
table legs - the legs of the table 
river sand - sand from the river 
school child - a child who goes to school 
The grammatical relations observed in NPs with pre-posed adjuncts may 
convey the following meanings:
1) subject-predicate relations: weather change; 
2) object relations: health service, women hater; 
3) adverbial relations: a) of time: morning star, 
b) place: world peace, country house, 
c) comparison: button eyes, 
d) purpose: tooth brush. 
It is important to remember that the noun-adjunct is usually marked by a 
stronger stress than the head. 

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Of special interest is a kind of 'grammatical idiom' where the modifier is 
reinterpreted into the head: a devil of a man, an angel of a girl. 
NPs with post-posed may be classified according to the way of connection 
into preposition less and prepositional. The basic prepositionless NPs with post-
posed adjuncts are: Nadj. - tea strong, NVen - the shape unknown, NVing - the girl 
smiling, ND - the man downstairs, NVinf - a book to read, NNum - room ten. 
The pattern of basic prepositional NPs is NI prep. N2. The most common 
preposition here is 'of - a cup of tea, a man of courage. It may have quite different 
meanings: qualitative - a woman of sense, predicative - the pleasure of the 
company, objective - the reading of the newspaper, partitive - the roof of the 
house. 
The VP is a definite kind of the subordinate phrase with the verb as the head. 
The verb is considered to be the semantic and structural centre not only of the VP 
but of the whole sentence as the verb plays an important role in making up primary 
predication that serves the basis for the sentence. VPs are more complex than NPs 
as there are a lot of ways in which verbs may be combined in actual usage. Valent 
properties of different verbs and their semantics make it possible to divide all the 
verbs into several groups depending on the nature of their complements. 
VPs can be classified according to the nature of their complements - verb 
complements may be nominal (to see a house) and adverbial (to behave well). 
Consequently, we distinguish nominal, adverbial and mixed complementation. 
Nominal complementation takes place when one or more nominal 
complements (nouns or pronouns) are obligatory for the realization of potential 
valency of the verb: to give smth. to smb., to phone smb., to hear smth.(smb.), etc. 
Adverbial complementation occurs when the verb takes one or more 
adverbial elements obligatory for the realization of its potential valency: He 
behaved well, I live ... in Kyiv (here). 
Mixed complementation - both nominal and adverbial elements are 
obligatory: He put his hat on he table (nominal adverbial). 
According to the structure VPs may be basic or simple (to take a book) - 
all elements are obligatory; expanded (to read and translate the text, to read 
books and newspapers) and extended (to read an English book). 
Predicative word combinations are distinguished on the basis of secondary 
predication. Like sentences, predicative word-groups are binary in their structure 
but actually differ essentially in their organization. The sentence is an independent 
communicative unit based on primary predication while the predicative word-
group is a dependent syntactic unit that makes up a part of the sentence. The 
predicative word-group consists of a nominal element (noun, pronoun) and a non-
finite form of the verb: N қ Vnon-fin. There are Gerundial, Infinitive and