Masaryk University Faculty of Arts Department of English and American Studies
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J R R Tolkien as a Great English Poet of
Gawain and the Green Knight, Pearl, and Sir Orfeo 5).
3 The last and the shortest of his three Middle English translations is Sir Orfeo. It is 604 lines long and it is composed of rhyming couplets. Tolkien uses alliterations as well but only as an onomatopoeic feature. 4 Orfeo, a good harp player, is a great king. But one day, his queen is kidnapped by the ruler of Fairy land. Out of grief, he resigns and leaves his kingdom. He has only his harp and clothes of a poor man so nobody recognises him. One day he accidentally enters the Fairy land and he wins his queen back by his great skill of playing. 3 Pearl is not the only deeply religious poem that Tolkien translated. He also translated some prayers from Modern English into his invented language of the elves, Quenya. 4 Li e : We ofte read and written find/ as learned men do us remi d... Then he returns home and takes back his reign. There is an obvious connection with the old Ancient myth of Orpheus who was a great harp player as well (he went to the Underworld 5 to save his wife who got bit by a snake and died), even though many facts have changed and ere adjusted to the e age, ota l the happ e di g. Tolkie ´s tra slation is breezy and well readable and that could be the result of the fact that it as a espe ial fa ourite of its tra slator , as it is written on the cover of the book Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Pearl, and Sir Orfeo. From the number of his works it is eas to sa that Tolkie ´s fa ourite erse is alliterative. The reason for this might be that "he had a most unusual sensitivity to the sound a d appeara e of ords. The filled for hi the pla e that usi has i a people s li es. Indeed the response that words awakened in him was almost entirely emotional (Carpenter 121). In it, he translated and also composed and thus his alliterative verses are dealt with in all three chapters of this paper. Alliterative verse is a common verse of Old English and old northern Europe languages. Each line is divided into two parts by a gap – called caesura. There are special types of phrase-patterns which have two stresses. Every line then has four stresses. There are five basic types of these phrase-patterns although there are some exceptions. 6 The poetic effect is achieved by a proper combination of these phrase-patterns and it is amplified by alliteration, which is a repetition of the same sounds. The last important features of old alliterative verse are kennings. These were used to enrich literature and make it more interesting and beautiful. For example, in Beowulf, alternatives for the sea are whale-road, sail road, hale´s ay and swan road (10, 1429, 200). Most of 5 O id´s Meta orphoses 6 Phrase pattern examples: A glóry séeking, B by the édge of s órds. Both have four syllables. Phrase pattern A is stressed/unstressed/stressed/unstressed, phrase pattern B is unstressed/stressed/unstressed/stressed (The Fall of Arthur 228). the kennings exist for words from ordinary life of people of those days, like the king, battle, ship, sword, death or gold and there are more than one for each word (The Fall of Arthur 229). All of that was a subject of Tolkie ´s stud a d ad iratio and that resulted in his own original alliterative verse poems that are discussed in the following chapter. |
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