Mavzu: "mikroiqtisodiyot" fanining mazmuni, maqsadi va vazifalari

Goods are those items that we value or desire. They can be tangible goods that are 
physical or intangible goods (such as friendship) that are not. Services are the 
intangible acts for which people are willing to pay.
All goods and services, whether they are tangible or intangible, are produced from 
scarce resources and can be subjected to economic analysis.
Scarce goods created from scarce resources are called economic goods. If there are 
not enough economic goods for all of us, we will have to compete for those scarce 
goods. That is, scarcity ultimately leads to competition for the available goods and 
services. 
We all want more tangible and intangible goods and services. In economics, we 
assume that more goods and services lead to greater satisfaction.
1
Robert L.Sexton “Exploring Economics” Chapter 2: The Economic Way of Thinking 

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In contrast to goods, bads are those items that we do not desire or want. The 
elimination or reduction of a bad is a good.
However, just because we assume that people want more goods, it does not mean 
that economics presumes that people are selfish and greedy. People are willing to 
give up their money and time for what they believe to be important causes, 
revealing that charitable endeavors are desirable goods. Many desires, like building 
new friendships or helping charities can hardly be defined as selfish, yet these are 
desires that many people share. Self-interest is not the same as selfishness or greed. 
We all face scarcity, because we cannot have all of the goods and services that we 
desire. However, because we all have different wants and desires, scarcity affects 
everyone differently.
Even the richest person must live with scarcity and must, at some point, choose one 
want or desire over another. As we get more affluent, we learn of new luxuries to 
provide us with satisfaction. Wealth creates a new set of wants to be satisfied.
No evidence indicates that people would not find a valuable use for additional 
income, no matter how rich they become. Even the wealthy individual who decides 
to donate all of her money to charity faces the constraints of scarcity. If she had 
greater resources, she could do still more for others. 
Scarcity never has and never will be eradicated. The same creativity that permits 
new methods to produce goods and services in greater quantities also reveals new 
wants. New wants quickly replace old ones. Moreover, although people seem to be 
happier when they can buy more goods and services, it is likely that over a period of 
time, a rising quantity of goods and services will not increase human happiness. It 
is very possible that our wants grow as fast, if not faster, than our ability to meet 
those wants, so we still feel scarcity as much or more than we did before.