Microsoft Word alexicology doc
I. Consider your answers to the following
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English lexicology Лексикология
I. Consider your answers to the following.
1 . Where are formal words used? 2. Are learned words used only in books? Which type of learned words, do you think, is especially suitable for verbal communication? Which is least suitable and even undesirable? 3. What are the principal characteristics of archaic words? 4. What are the controversial problems connected with profes- sional terminology? 5. Do you think that students of English should learn terms? If so, for which branch or branches of knowledge? 6. What is understood by the basic vocabulary? 7. Which classes of stylistically marked words, in your opinion, should be included in the students' functional and 38 recognition vocabularies in 1) junior and 2) senior school vocabular- ies? II. a. The italicized words and word-groups in the following ex- tracts belong to formal style. Describe the stylistic peculiarities of each extract in general and say whether the italicized represents learned words, terms or archaisms. Look up unfamiliar words in the dictionary. in re 1 Miss Ernestina Freeman We are instructed by Mr. Ernest Freeman, father of the above- mentioned Miss Ernestina Freeman, to request you to attend at these chambers at 3 o'clock this coming Friday. Your failure to attend will be regarded as an acknowledgement of our client's right to proceed." (From The French Lieutenant's Woman by J. Fowles] 2. "I have, with esteemed advice ..." Mr. Aubrey bowed briefly towards the sergeant, ... "... prepared an admission of guilt. I should instruct you that Mr. Freeman's decision not to proceed immediately is most strictly contingent upon your client's signing, on this occasion and in our presence, and witnessed by all present, this document." (Ibid.; 3. R o m e o ... So shows a snowy dove trooping with crows, As yonder lady o'er her fellows shows. The measure 2 done, I'll watch her place of stand, And, touching hers, make blessed my rude hand. Did my heart love till now? Forswear it, sight! For I ne'er saw true beauty till this night. 1 Usually in modern correspondence you will find the form re [ri:] without the in. 2 measure (here) — dance. 39 CHAPTER 3 The Etymology of English Words. 1 Are All English Words Really English? As a matter of fact, they are — if we regard them in the light of present-day English. If, however, their origins are looked into, the picture may seem somewhat bewildering. A person who does not know English but knows French (Italian, Latin, Spanish) is certain to recognise a great number of familiar-looking words when skipping through an English book. It is true that English vocabulary, which is one of the most exten- sive amongst the world's languages contains an immense number of words of foreign origin. Explanations for this should be sought in the history of the language which is closely connected with the history of the nation speaking the language. In order to have a better under- standing of the problem, it will be necessary to go through a brief survey of certain historical facts, relating to different epochs. * * * The first century В. С. Most of the territory now, known to us as Europe is occupied by the Roman Empire. Among the inhabitants of the continent are Germanic tribes, "barbarians" as the arrogant Ro- mans call them. Theirs is really a rather primitive stage of develop- ment, especially if compared with the high civilisation and refinement of Rome. They are primitive cattle- By etymology of words is understood their origin. 44 breeders and know almost nothing about land cultivation. Their tribal languages contain only Indo-European and Germanic elements. The latter fact is of some importance for the purposes of our survey. Now comes an event which brings an important change. After a number of wars between the Germanic tribes and the Romans these two opposing peoples come into peaceful contact. Trade is carried on, and the Germanic people gain knowledge of new and useful things. The first among them are new things to eat. It has been mentioned that Germanic cattle-breeding was on a primitive scale. Its only prod- ucts known to the Germanic tribes were meat and milk. It is from the Romans that they learn how to make butter and cheese and, as there are naturally no words for these foodstuffs in their tribal languages, they are to use the Latin words to name them (Lat. butyrum, caseus). It is also to the Romans that the Germanic tribes owe the knowledge of some new fruits and vegetables of which they had no idea before, and the Latin names of these fruits and vegetables enter their vocabu- laries reflecting this new knowledge: cherry (Lat. cerasum), pear (Lat. pirum), plum (Lat. prunus), pea (Lat. pisum), beet (Lat. beta), Download 0.88 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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