Microsoft Word Chapter 1 done doc

participants in the study had played violent video games in 
the past, the stronger the aggression they directed to their 
“opponent” on trials when they won. 

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Exposure to media violence enhances aggression because it 
desensitizes an individual to aggressive acts and makes the 
individual aggress against others with increasing intensity. 
v. 
Violent Pornography :  It means viewing sex films involving 
violence. A large number of research studies also indicate that 
violent pornography leads to aggressive behaviour. Exposure to 
violent pornography increases the tendency of males to aggress 
against females. Combination of explicit sexual content and 
violence against women is potentially dangerous. It makes men 
aggressive. Exposure to violent pornography also leads to 
desensitizing effect in which viewers react less negatively to the 
violence in these films as they watch more and more of them. 
Research studies have shown that prolonged exposure to scenes 
depicting sexual violence toward females (several hours of viewing 
such films), both men and women report more callous attitudes 
toward such actions. They perceive crimes such as rape as less 
serious, report less sympathy toward rape victims, indicate greater 
acceptance of false beliefs about rape (e.g., the myth that many 
women really want to be ravaged) and become more accepting of 
bizarre forms of pornography. 
14.3.2 Cultural causes of Aggression :
 
Cultural factors also considerably influence aggression. 
Certain cultural practices with respect to honour, sexuality, etc., are 
filled with violence and aggression. An important concept in this 
area is “Cultures of Honour”. It refers to those cultures in which 
there are strong norms indicating that aggression is an appropriate 
response to insults to one’s honour. In North India (especially 
Haryana), among the Rajputs, where such a culture is prevalent, 
incidents of Honour killings/punishments are fairly common, where 
the girl and sometimes the girl and the boy are both killed or 
punished by the family and/or community for engaging in an 
intercaste/interfaith relationships. Thus, in ‘cultures of honor’ there 
are strong norms suggesting that insults to one’s honour must be 
avenged through aggression.