Microsoft Word Chapter 1 done doc

f) Legislation : Making stricter rules and regulations can help 
curtail aggression. Two experts on criminal homicide have 
estimated that probably less than 5 per cent of all known killings 
are premeditated, planned, or intentional (Wolfgang and 
Ferracuti, 1967, p. 189). The other 95 per cent occur in the heat 
of passion or as the result of one person's intention to harm, but 
not to kill another. The availability of a gun makes it easier for 
an individual to use the weapon impulsively. 
These findings suggest the need for stricter gun legislation - 
especially the regulation of handguns. In further support of this 
proposal, it has been found that some countries with very strict 
gun control laws have much lower homicide rates than the 
United States. In Japan, for instance, it is illegal for any resident 
- except members of the armed forces, the police, ballistics 
researchers, and sporting marksmen - to own a handgun. Laws 
concerning the use of guns is very carefully regulated. Although 
there are many differences between Japanese and American 
society, which might account for the different homicide rates, 
police officials in Japan feel that their gun laws - coupled with 
their very strict drug laws have significantly reduced the 
incidence of homicide. 

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g) Decreasing Anonymity : Urban living arrangement fosters 
anonymity. City residents who live in high-rise apartments may 
neither know nor want to know their neighbors. Although the 
values and traditions of the group foster this kind of impersonal 
anonymity, so do the physical arrangements of the apartments.
In the usual high-rise apartments there are no provisions or 
incentives for groups of tenants to meet, and therefore 
occupants are discouraged from spending time outside their 
own apartments. Research has shown that the crime rate was 
significantly higher in high-rise buildings. One obvious 
implication of this finding is that families should not be placed in 
high-rise buildings in large public housing project. Of course, 
walkup buildings would mean a lower density of people about 
fifty units to an acre. In most parts of the country, however, this 
lowered density would not be a problem. Where high-rise 
housing is the only housing solution possible, the tenants should 
be made to make those spaces safer through good lighting, 
television monitoring or the frequent presence of security 
personnel. Attention should be devoted to designing buildings 
and communities in a manner that curtails crime. Lack of 
anonymity leads to lack of identity, which leads to aggressive 
behaviour. Decreasing anonymity can help to control crimes.