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also work harder when they feel their particular tasks or efforts are
indispensable to the group’s success.
Solutions :
According to Dan J. Rothwell, it takes "the three C's of
motivation" to get a group moving: collaboration, content, and
choice. Thus, the answer to social loafing may be motivation. A
competitive environment may not necessarily get group members
motivated.
1. Collaboration is a way to get everyone involved in the group by
assigning each member special, meaningful tasks. It is a way for
the group members to share the knowledge and the tasks to be
fulfilled unfailingly. For example, if Sally and Paul were loafing
because they were not given specific tasks, then giving Paul the
note taker duty and Sally the brainstorming duty will make them
feel essential to the group. Sally and Paul will be less likely to
want to let the group down, because they have specific
obligations to complete.
2. Content identifies the importance of the individual's specific
tasks within the group. If group members see their role as that
involved in completing a worthy task, then they are more likely to
fulfill it. For example, Sally may enjoy brainstorming, as she
knows that she will bring a lot to the group if she fulfills this
obligation. She feels that her obligation will be valued by the
group.
3. Choice gives the group members the opportunity to choose the
task they want to fulfill. Assigning roles in a group causes
complaints and frustration. Allowing group members the freedom
to choose their role makes social loafing less significant, and
encourages the members to work together as a team.
In conjunction with the "three C's of motivation," Latane,
Williams and Harkins have listed three possible causes, and thus
options to combat social loafing. They include :
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